diff --git a/backend/src/utils/__tests__/equipmentAdministrativeExport.test.ts b/backend/src/utils/__tests__/equipmentAdministrativeExport.test.ts
index d0f1a92..9a59c99 100644
--- a/backend/src/utils/__tests__/equipmentAdministrativeExport.test.ts
+++ b/backend/src/utils/__tests__/equipmentAdministrativeExport.test.ts
@@ -385,7 +385,11 @@ test('工作簿应生成三张行政导出表并保留日期、金额和版式
   assert.ok(relationSheet.autoFilter)
   assert.equal(mainSheet.getCell('A1').fill.type, 'pattern')
   assert.equal(mainSheet.getCell('A1').border.top?.style, 'thin')
+  assert.equal(mainSheet.getCell('H2').value, null)
+  assert.equal(mainSheet.getCell('H2').border.top?.color?.argb, 'FFD1D5DB')
   assert.equal(mainSheet.getCell('S2').border.right?.style, 'thin')
+  assert.strictEqual(mainSheet.getCell('A1').border, mainSheet.getCell('S2').border)
+  assert.strictEqual(mainSheet.getCell('A1').border, relationSheet.getCell('J2').border)
   assert.equal(mainSheet.getCell('J2').alignment.wrapText, true)
   assert.equal(mainSheet.getCell('F2').value, null)
   assert.equal(mainSheet.getCell('L2').value, null)
diff --git a/backend/src/utils/equipmentAdministrativeExport.ts b/backend/src/utils/equipmentAdministrativeExport.ts
index 19b92ba..d5add2a 100644
--- a/backend/src/utils/equipmentAdministrativeExport.ts
+++ b/backend/src/utils/equipmentAdministrativeExport.ts
@@ -224,17 +224,26 @@ const applyHeaderStyle = (worksheet: import('exceljs').Worksheet) => {
   headerRow.height = 28
 }
 
+const LIGHT_GRAY_BORDER_COLOR = Object.freeze({ argb: 'FFD1D5DB' })
+const LIGHT_THIN_BORDER_SIDE = Object.freeze({
+  style: 'thin' as const,
+  color: LIGHT_GRAY_BORDER_COLOR
+})
+const USED_RANGE_BORDER = Object.freeze({
+  top: LIGHT_THIN_BORDER_SIDE,
+  left: LIGHT_THIN_BORDER_SIDE,
+  bottom: LIGHT_THIN_BORDER_SIDE,
+  right: LIGHT_THIN_BORDER_SIDE
+})
+
 const applyUsedRangeBorders = (worksheet: import('exceljs').Worksheet) => {
-  for (let rowNumber = 1; rowNumber <= worksheet.rowCount; rowNumber += 1) {
+  // ExcelJS 的 columnCount 会遍历所有行计算最大列数，必须在循环外只读取一次。
+  const rowCount = worksheet.rowCount
+  const columnCount = worksheet.columnCount
+  for (let rowNumber = 1; rowNumber <= rowCount; rowNumber += 1) {
     const row = worksheet.getRow(rowNumber)
-    for (let columnNumber = 1; columnNumber <= worksheet.columnCount; columnNumber += 1) {
-      const cell = row.getCell(columnNumber)
-      cell.border = {
-        top: { style: 'thin', color: { argb: 'FFD1D5DB' } },
-        left: { style: 'thin', color: { argb: 'FFD1D5DB' } },
-        bottom: { style: 'thin', color: { argb: 'FFD1D5DB' } },
-        right: { style: 'thin', color: { argb: 'FFD1D5DB' } }
-      }
+    for (let columnNumber = 1; columnNumber <= columnCount; columnNumber += 1) {
+      row.getCell(columnNumber).border = USED_RANGE_BORDER
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/api/export.ts b/frontend/src/api/export.ts
index 1db5dfb..12ca253 100644
--- a/frontend/src/api/export.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/api/export.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ export const exportEquipment = (params?: {
       mount_status: params?.mountStatus,
       keyword: params?.keyword
     },
-    responseType: 'blob'
+    responseType: 'blob',
+    timeout: 60000
   })
 }
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/equipment/EquipmentList.vue b/frontend/src/views/equipment/EquipmentList.vue
index d565508..03f00e8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/equipment/EquipmentList.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/equipment/EquipmentList.vue
@@ -84,8 +84,13 @@
                 v-if="showMoreActions"
                 class="absolute right-0 top-full z-20 mt-2 w-44 rounded-xl border border-border bg-bg-secondary p-2 shadow-[0_18px_44px_rgba(0,0,0,0.36)]"
               >
-                <button class="w-full rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-left text-sm text-text-secondary transition hover:bg-bg-hover hover:text-text-primary" @click="handleExportAndClose">
-                  导出 Excel
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  class="w-full rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-left text-sm text-text-secondary transition hover:bg-bg-hover hover:text-text-primary disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50"
+                  :disabled="isExporting"
+                  @click="handleExportAndClose"
+                >
+                  {{ isExporting ? '正在导出...' : '导出 Excel' }}
                 </button>
                 <button class="w-full rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-left text-sm text-text-secondary transition hover:bg-bg-hover hover:text-text-primary" @click="downloadTemplateAndClose">
                   下载模板
@@ -127,6 +132,31 @@
           <button @click="handleReset" class="btn-secondary sm:col-span-2 lg:col-span-1">重置</button>
         </div>
       </div>
+
+      <div
+        v-if="exportFeedback"
+        class="panel mt-4 flex items-center justify-between gap-3"
+        role="status"
+        aria-live="polite"
+      >
+        <div class="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-3">
+          <span class="badge" :class="getExportFeedbackBadgeClass(exportFeedback.type)">
+            {{ exportFeedback.type === 'loading' ? '生成中' : exportFeedback.type === 'success' ? '已完成' : '失败' }}
+          </span>
+          <p class="text-sm" :class="getExportFeedbackTextClass(exportFeedback.type)">
+            {{ exportFeedback.message }}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+        <button
+          v-if="exportFeedback.type !== 'loading'"
+          type="button"
+          class="btn-icon h-8 w-8 shrink-0"
+          aria-label="关闭导出提示"
+          @click="exportFeedback = null"
+        >
+          ✕
+        </button>
+      </div>
     </section>
 
     <!-- 使用操作区 - 页面级核心工作区 -->
@@ -862,6 +892,11 @@ const showBatchReturnModal = ref(false)
 const showBatchTransferModal = ref(false)
 const showMoreActions = ref(false)
 const showAdvancedFilters = ref(false)
+const isExporting = ref(false)
+const exportFeedback = ref<{
+  type: 'loading' | 'success' | 'error'
+  message: string
+} | null>(null)
 const showBorrowAnomalyHandler = ref(false)
 const borrowAnomalyTarget = ref<{
   equipmentId: number
@@ -1429,9 +1464,51 @@ const formatExportTimestamp = (date = new Date()) => {
   return `${date.getFullYear()}${pad(date.getMonth() + 1)}${pad(date.getDate())}_${pad(date.getHours())}${pad(date.getMinutes())}${pad(date.getSeconds())}`
 }
 
+const getExportFeedbackBadgeClass = (type: 'loading' | 'success' | 'error') => {
+  if (type === 'loading') return 'badge-warning'
+  if (type === 'success') return 'badge-success'
+  return 'badge-error'
+}
+
+const getExportFeedbackTextClass = (type: 'loading' | 'success' | 'error') => {
+  if (type === 'success') return 'text-status-success'
+  if (type === 'error') return 'text-status-error'
+  return 'text-text-secondary'
+}
+
+const isExportTimeoutError = (error: any) => {
+  const code = error?.originalError?.code || error?.code
+  const message = String(error?.message || error?.originalError?.message || '')
+  return code === 'ECONNABORTED' || code === 'ETIMEDOUT' || /timeout|超时/i.test(message)
+}
+
 const handleExport = async () => {
-  const res = await exportEquipment(filters.value)
-  downloadFile(res.data as Blob, `资产列表_${formatExportTimestamp()}.xlsx`)
+  if (isExporting.value) return
+
+  isExporting.value = true
+  exportFeedback.value = {
+    type: 'loading',
+    message: '正在生成资产列表，数据较多时可能需要一些时间。'
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const res = await exportEquipment(filters.value)
+    const filename = `行政资产台账_${formatExportTimestamp()}.xlsx`
+    downloadFile(res.data as Blob, filename)
+    exportFeedback.value = {
+      type: 'success',
+      message: `导出成功，已下载 ${filename}`
+    }
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    exportFeedback.value = {
+      type: 'error',
+      message: isExportTimeoutError(error)
+        ? '导出超时，资产较多时生成会比较慢，请稍后重试。'
+        : '导出失败，请稍后重试；如持续失败，可缩小筛选范围。'
+    }
+  } finally {
+    isExporting.value = false
+  }
 }
 
 const handleExportAndClose = async () => {