diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/api/installation-demo-workbench/drawing-text-annotations/route.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/api/installation-demo-workbench/drawing-text-annotations/route.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dad767f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/api/installation-demo-workbench/drawing-text-annotations/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import { NextRequest } from "next/server";
+import { AppError } from "@/server/core/errors";
+import { handleRequest, jsonError, jsonSuccess } from "@/server/core/response";
+import { installationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationService } from "@/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-drawing-text-annotation.service";
+
+function respondWithAppError(error: unknown, requestId: string) {
+  if (error instanceof AppError) {
+    return jsonError(error.code, error.message, error.statusCode, requestId);
+  }
+  throw error;
+}
+
+export const dynamic = "force-dynamic";
+
+export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
+  return handleRequest(
+    request,
+    async (ctx) => {
+      try {
+        const snapshot = await installationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationService.get(
+          ctx.user,
+          request.nextUrl.searchParams.get("drawingId"),
+        );
+        return jsonSuccess({ snapshot }, 200, ctx.requestId);
+      } catch (error) {
+        return respondWithAppError(error, ctx.requestId);
+      }
+    },
+    { requireAuth: true },
+  );
+}
+
+export async function PATCH(request: NextRequest) {
+  return handleRequest(
+    request,
+    async (ctx) => {
+      try {
+        const snapshot =
+          await installationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationService.updateTarget(
+            ctx.user,
+            await request.json(),
+          );
+        return jsonSuccess({ snapshot }, 200, ctx.requestId);
+      } catch (error) {
+        return respondWithAppError(error, ctx.requestId);
+      }
+    },
+    { requireAuth: true },
+  );
+}
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-share/[token]/InstallationDemoShareDrawingPage.tsx b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-share/[token]/InstallationDemoShareDrawingPage.tsx
index efab831c..7366f261 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-share/[token]/InstallationDemoShareDrawingPage.tsx
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-share/[token]/InstallationDemoShareDrawingPage.tsx
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ function InstallationDemoShareDrawingPanel({
           imageMode={imageMode}
           snapshotUrls={snapshot.numberingSnapshotUrls}
           snapshotLineArtUrls={snapshotLineArtUrls}
+          textAnnotationsByTargetKey={
+            snapshot.drawingDocument?.textAnnotationsByTargetKey ?? {}
+          }
           allowManualCapture={false}
           readOnly
         />
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-share/[token]/installationDemoShareDrawingDocument.test.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-share/[token]/installationDemoShareDrawingDocument.test.ts
index b6c7fda1..779e36ef 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-share/[token]/installationDemoShareDrawingDocument.test.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-share/[token]/installationDemoShareDrawingDocument.test.ts
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ function createSnapshot(): InstallationDemoShareSnapshot {
         actions: [],
         inventoryTransforms: {},
       },
+      textAnnotationsByTargetKey: {},
       snapshotLineArtUrls: {},
       toolSnapshotLineArtUrls: {},
     },
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/InstallationDemoWorkbenchClient.tsx b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/InstallationDemoWorkbenchClient.tsx
index f188ff3b..6e37fa52 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/InstallationDemoWorkbenchClient.tsx
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/InstallationDemoWorkbenchClient.tsx
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ import { InstallationDrawingToolLineArtGenerator } from "./components/Installati
 import { useInstallationDrawingCapture } from "./hooks/useInstallationDrawingCapture";
 import { useInstallationDrawingAutoCapture } from "./hooks/useInstallationDrawingAutoCapture";
 import { useInstallationDrawingConfirmation } from "./hooks/useInstallationDrawingConfirmation";
+import { useInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations } from "./hooks/useInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations";
 import { buildInstallationDrawingCaptureFingerprint } from "./lib/installationDrawingCaptureFingerprint";
 import {
   isInstallationDrawingActionCaptureTarget,
@@ -401,6 +402,10 @@ export default function InstallationDemoWorkbenchClient({
     setMode,
     setActiveStepId: stepEditor.setActiveStepId,
   });
+  const drawingTextAnnotations = useInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations(
+    selectedDrawingId,
+    catalog.access.canEdit,
+  );
   const drawingOverviewCaptureActive =
     isInstallationDrawingOverviewCaptureTarget(drawingCapture.captureTarget);
   const drawingActionCaptureTarget = isInstallationDrawingActionCaptureTarget(
@@ -1732,6 +1737,8 @@ export default function InstallationDemoWorkbenchClient({
                 templateId: "set-1",
                 imageMode: drawingImageMode ?? "line-art",
                 captures: drawingCapture.captures,
+                textAnnotationsByTargetKey:
+                  drawingTextAnnotations.annotationsByTargetKey,
                 snapshotLineArtUrls:
                   shareNumberingSnapshotBatch.snapshotLineArtUrls ?? {},
                 toolSnapshotLineArtUrls:
@@ -1763,6 +1770,7 @@ export default function InstallationDemoWorkbenchClient({
       numberingModelParts.length,
       numberingPlaying,
       drawingCapture.captures,
+      drawingTextAnnotations.annotationsByTargetKey,
       drawingTools.selectedTools,
       numberingVisibleModelParts,
       playing,
@@ -2614,6 +2622,10 @@ export default function InstallationDemoWorkbenchClient({
             numberingLineArtGenerating || Boolean(missingDrawingToolLineArt)
           }
           captures={drawingCapture.captures}
+          textAnnotationsByTargetKey={
+            drawingTextAnnotations.annotationsByTargetKey
+          }
+          textAnnotationMessage={drawingTextAnnotations.message}
           initialScrollTop={
             drawingSheetScrollPosition.drawingId === selectedDrawingId
               ? drawingSheetScrollPosition.scrollTop
@@ -2638,6 +2650,9 @@ export default function InstallationDemoWorkbenchClient({
               numberingMarkerCountOverrides,
             );
           }}
+          onUpdateTextAnnotations={
+            drawingTextAnnotations.saveTargetAnnotations
+          }
           autoCapture={{
             phase: drawingAutoCapture.phase,
             error: drawingAutoCapture.error,
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingActionsPage.tsx b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingActionsPage.tsx
index 9db6a7cb..36b032b8 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingActionsPage.tsx
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingActionsPage.tsx
@@ -1,14 +1,22 @@
-import { ListChecks, Maximize2 } from 'lucide-react'
+import { ListChecks, Maximize2, Type } from 'lucide-react'
 import type {
   InstallationDrawingActionCapture,
   InstallationDrawingCaptureTarget,
   InstallationDrawingImageMode,
   InstallationDrawingNumberMarker,
 } from '../lib/installationDrawingCaptureTypes'
-import { isInstallationDrawingImageCaptured } from '../lib/installationDrawingCaptureTypes'
+import {
+  getInstallationDrawingCaptureTargetKey,
+  isInstallationDrawingImageCaptured,
+} from '../lib/installationDrawingCaptureTypes'
 import type { InstallationDrawingActionGroup } from '../lib/installationDrawingLayout'
+import type {
+  InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation,
+  InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget,
+} from '../lib/installationDrawingTextAnnotations'
 import { InstallationDrawingImageFrame } from './InstallationDrawingImageFrame'
 import { InstallationDrawingNumberMarkers } from './InstallationDrawingNumberMarkers'
+import { InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations } from './InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations'
 
 interface Props {
   groups: InstallationDrawingActionGroup[]
@@ -23,6 +31,12 @@ interface Props {
     target: InstallationDrawingCaptureTarget,
     markers: InstallationDrawingNumberMarker[],
   ) => void
+  textAnnotationsByTargetKey?: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget
+  onManageTextAnnotations?: (target: InstallationDrawingCaptureTarget) => void
+  onCommitTextAnnotations?: (
+    target: InstallationDrawingCaptureTarget,
+    annotations: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation[],
+  ) => void
   allowManualCapture: boolean
   readOnly?: boolean
 }
@@ -77,6 +91,9 @@ export function InstallationDrawingActionsPage({
   onAdjustImage,
   onManageNumberingMarkers,
   onCommitNumberingMarkers,
+  textAnnotationsByTargetKey = {},
+  onManageTextAnnotations,
+  onCommitTextAnnotations,
   allowManualCapture,
   readOnly = false,
 }: Props) {
@@ -100,6 +117,8 @@ export function InstallationDrawingActionsPage({
             actionId: action.actionId,
             sequence: action.sequence,
           }
+          const targetKey = getInstallationDrawingCaptureTargetKey(target)
+          const textAnnotations = textAnnotationsByTargetKey[targetKey] ?? []
           const captured = capture ? isInstallationDrawingImageCaptured(capture.image) : false
           return (
             <figure
@@ -133,6 +152,15 @@ export function InstallationDrawingActionsPage({
                       : undefined}
                   />
                 ) : null}
+                {captured && textAnnotations.length > 0 ? (
+                  <InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations
+                    annotations={textAnnotations}
+                    editable={!readOnly}
+                    onCommit={onCommitTextAnnotations
+                      ? (annotations) => onCommitTextAnnotations(target, annotations)
+                      : undefined}
+                  />
+                ) : null}
               </div>
 
               {capture && capture.tools.length > 0 ? (
@@ -155,6 +183,17 @@ export function InstallationDrawingActionsPage({
                     <ListChecks size={10} />
                   </button>
                 ) : null}
+                {capture && captured ? (
+                  <button
+                    type="button"
+                    onClick={() => onManageTextAnnotations?.(target)}
+                    title="编辑文字"
+                    aria-label={`编辑安装动作 ${action.sequence} 文字`}
+                    className="inline-flex h-6 w-6 items-center justify-center rounded-[4px] border border-black/10 bg-white text-[#596164] shadow-sm"
+                  >
+                    <Type size={10} />
+                  </button>
+                ) : null}
                 {capture && captured ? (
                   <button
                     type="button"
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl.test.tsx b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..049487b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import { fireEvent, render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl } from "./InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl";
+
+function renderControl(input?: {
+  hasActiveBatch?: boolean;
+  onStart?: jest.Mock;
+}) {
+  const onStart = input?.onStart ?? jest.fn();
+  render(
+    <InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl
+      phase="idle"
+      hasActiveBatch={input?.hasActiveBatch ?? true}
+      hasDraftBatch={false}
+      configurationChanged={false}
+      completedCount={75}
+      totalCount={75}
+      error={null}
+      onStart={onStart}
+      onPause={jest.fn()}
+    />,
+  );
+  return onStart;
+}
+
+describe("InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl", () => {
+  it("asks for confirmation before replacing a completed batch", () => {
+    const onStart = renderControl();
+
+    fireEvent.click(
+      screen.getByRole("button", { name: "重新批量带入 75/75" }),
+    );
+
+    expect(screen.getByRole("dialog", { name: "重新批量带入" })).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(onStart).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("starts replacement only after confirmation", () => {
+    const onStart = renderControl();
+    fireEvent.click(
+      screen.getByRole("button", { name: "重新批量带入 75/75" }),
+    );
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "开始重新带入" }));
+
+    expect(onStart).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(screen.queryByRole("dialog", { name: "重新批量带入" })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it("keeps the first automatic capture as a direct action", () => {
+    const onStart = renderControl({ hasActiveBatch: false });
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "自动抓取" }));
+
+    expect(onStart).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(screen.queryByRole("dialog")).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl.tsx b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl.tsx
index 68920504..a2a1ee5c 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl.tsx
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 "use client";
 
-import { Camera, CheckCircle2, LoaderCircle, Square } from "lucide-react";
+import { useState } from "react";
+import {
+  Camera,
+  LoaderCircle,
+  RefreshCw,
+  Square,
+  TriangleAlert,
+  X,
+} from "lucide-react";
 
 interface InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControlProps {
   phase:
@@ -32,6 +40,7 @@ export function InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl({
   onStart,
   onPause,
 }: InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControlProps) {
+  const [restartDialogOpen, setRestartDialogOpen] = useState(false);
   const running =
     phase === "seeding" || phase === "running" || phase === "finalizing";
   const loading = phase === "loading";
@@ -39,60 +48,121 @@ export function InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl({
   const startLabel = hasDraftBatch ? "继续抓取" : "自动抓取";
 
   return (
-    <div className="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-2">
-      {settled ? (
-        <span className="inline-flex h-8 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-[6px] border border-[#c7cecf] bg-white px-3 text-[11px] font-black text-[#4e585a]">
-          <CheckCircle2 size={13} />
-          已带入 {completedCount}/{totalCount}
-        </span>
-      ) : running ? (
-        <button
-          type="button"
-          onClick={onPause}
-          className="inline-flex h-8 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-[6px] border border-[#aeb6b8] bg-white px-3 text-[11px] font-black text-[#303638]"
-        >
-          {phase === "finalizing" ? (
-            <LoaderCircle size={13} className="animate-spin" />
-          ) : (
-            <Square size={11} />
-          )}
-          {phase === "finalizing"
-            ? "正在固定"
-            : `暂停 ${completedCount}/${totalCount}`}
-        </button>
-      ) : (
-        <button
-          type="button"
-          onClick={onStart}
-          disabled={loading || totalCount === 0}
-          className="inline-flex h-8 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-[6px] bg-[#2d3335] px-3 text-[11px] font-black text-white disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-45"
-        >
-          {loading ? (
-            <LoaderCircle size={13} className="animate-spin" />
-          ) : (
-            <Camera size={13} />
-          )}
-          {loading ? "读取中" : startLabel}
-        </button>
-      )}
-      {hasDraftBatch && !running ? (
-        <span className="text-[10px] font-bold text-[#6b7477]">
-          已完成 {completedCount}/{totalCount}
-        </span>
+    <>
+      <div className="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-2">
+        {settled ? (
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            onClick={() => setRestartDialogOpen(true)}
+            title="重新批量带入全部画面"
+            className="inline-flex h-8 items-center gap-1.5 whitespace-nowrap rounded-[6px] border border-[#aeb6b8] bg-white px-3 text-[11px] font-black text-[#303638] hover:bg-[#f4f6f6]"
+          >
+            <RefreshCw size={13} />
+            重新批量带入 {completedCount}/{totalCount}
+          </button>
+        ) : running ? (
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            onClick={onPause}
+            className="inline-flex h-8 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-[6px] border border-[#aeb6b8] bg-white px-3 text-[11px] font-black text-[#303638]"
+          >
+            {phase === "finalizing" ? (
+              <LoaderCircle size={13} className="animate-spin" />
+            ) : (
+              <Square size={11} />
+            )}
+            {phase === "finalizing"
+              ? "正在固定"
+              : `暂停 ${completedCount}/${totalCount}`}
+          </button>
+        ) : (
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            onClick={onStart}
+            disabled={loading || totalCount === 0}
+            className="inline-flex h-8 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-[6px] bg-[#2d3335] px-3 text-[11px] font-black text-white disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-45"
+          >
+            {loading ? (
+              <LoaderCircle size={13} className="animate-spin" />
+            ) : (
+              <Camera size={13} />
+            )}
+            {loading ? "读取中" : startLabel}
+          </button>
+        )}
+        {hasDraftBatch && !running ? (
+          <span className="text-[10px] font-bold text-[#6b7477]">
+            已完成 {completedCount}/{totalCount}
+          </span>
+        ) : null}
+        {configurationChanged ? (
+          <span className="text-[10px] font-black text-[#9a6513]">
+            配置已变更
+          </span>
+        ) : null}
+        {error && !running ? (
+          <span
+            className="max-w-[220px] truncate text-[10px] font-bold text-[#b3473f]"
+            title={error}
+          >
+            {error}
+          </span>
+        ) : null}
+      </div>
+
+      {restartDialogOpen ? (
+        <div className="fixed inset-0 z-[110] flex items-center justify-center bg-black/35 p-4 print:hidden">
+          <div
+            role="dialog"
+            aria-modal="true"
+            aria-label="重新批量带入"
+            className="w-full max-w-[430px] border border-black/10 bg-white shadow-[0_24px_70px_rgba(25,31,33,0.28)]"
+          >
+            <header className="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-black/10 px-5 py-3">
+              <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                <TriangleAlert size={16} className="text-[#9a6513]" />
+                <p className="text-[14px] font-black text-[#2d3335]">
+                  重新批量带入全部画面？
+                </p>
+              </div>
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                onClick={() => setRestartDialogOpen(false)}
+                aria-label="关闭重新批量带入确认"
+                title="关闭"
+                className="inline-flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center rounded-[6px] border border-black/10 text-[#596164]"
+              >
+                <X size={15} />
+              </button>
+            </header>
+            <div className="px-5 py-4">
+              <p className="text-[11px] font-bold leading-5 text-[#596164]">
+                将重新抓取 {totalCount} 张原图和打印线稿。当前版本会保留到新批次全部完成，已有画面位置和编号设置继续沿用。
+              </p>
+              <div className="mt-5 grid grid-cols-2 gap-2">
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  onClick={() => setRestartDialogOpen(false)}
+                  className="h-9 rounded-[6px] border border-black/10 text-[10px] font-black text-[#596164]"
+                >
+                  取消
+                </button>
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  onClick={() => {
+                    setRestartDialogOpen(false);
+                    onStart();
+                  }}
+                  className="inline-flex h-9 items-center justify-center gap-1.5 rounded-[6px] bg-[#2d3335] text-[10px] font-black text-white"
+                >
+                  <RefreshCw size={13} />
+                  开始重新带入
+                </button>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
       ) : null}
-      {configurationChanged ? (
-        <span className="text-[10px] font-black text-[#9a6513]">
-          配置已变更
-        </span>
-      ) : null}
-      {error && !running ? (
-        <span
-          className="max-w-[220px] truncate text-[10px] font-bold text-[#b3473f]"
-          title={error}
-        >
-          {error}
-        </span>
-      ) : null}
-    </div>
+    </>
   );
 }
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingSheet.tsx b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingSheet.tsx
index 527d0237..66e7ae03 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingSheet.tsx
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingSheet.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import type {
 } from "../types";
 import type {
   InstallationDrawingCaptures,
+  InstallationDrawingActionCaptureTarget,
   InstallationDrawingCaptureTarget,
   InstallationDrawingCapturedImage,
   InstallationDrawingImageMode,
@@ -20,11 +21,16 @@ import type {
 } from "../lib/installationDrawingCaptureTypes";
 import {
   DEFAULT_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_IMAGE_TRANSFORM,
+  getInstallationDrawingCaptureTargetKey,
   isInstallationDrawingImageAvailable,
   isInstallationDrawingImageCaptured,
   resolveInstallationDrawingConfirmedAtForMode,
   resolveInstallationDrawingImageMode,
 } from "../lib/installationDrawingCaptureTypes";
+import type {
+  InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation,
+  InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget,
+} from "../lib/installationDrawingTextAnnotations";
 import { buildInstallationDrawingLayout } from "../lib/installationDrawingLayout";
 import { useInstallationDrawingMarkerInventory } from "../hooks/useInstallationDrawingMarkerInventory";
 import {
@@ -39,6 +45,7 @@ import { InstallationDrawingInventoryPage } from "./InstallationDrawingInventory
 import { InstallationDrawingOverviewPage } from "./InstallationDrawingOverviewPage";
 import { InstallationDrawingImageAdjustDialog } from "./InstallationDrawingImageAdjustDialog";
 import { InstallationDrawingMarkerManagerDialog } from "./InstallationDrawingMarkerManagerDialog";
+import { InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationDialog } from "./InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationDialog";
 import {
   buildInstallationDrawingInventoryItems,
   type InstallationDrawingOverviewTool,
@@ -57,6 +64,8 @@ interface InstallationDrawingSheetProps {
   toolSnapshotLineArtUrls: Record<string, string>;
   lineArtGenerating?: boolean;
   captures: InstallationDrawingCaptures;
+  textAnnotationsByTargetKey: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget;
+  textAnnotationMessage?: string | null;
   initialScrollTop: number;
   onCaptureTarget: (
     target: InstallationDrawingCaptureTarget,
@@ -68,6 +77,10 @@ interface InstallationDrawingSheetProps {
     numberingMarkers: InstallationDrawingNumberMarker[],
     numberingMarkerCountOverrides: Record<string, number>,
   ) => void;
+  onUpdateTextAnnotations: (
+    targetKey: string,
+    annotations: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation[],
+  ) => void;
   autoCapture: {
     phase:
       | "loading"
@@ -162,9 +175,12 @@ export function InstallationDrawingSheet({
   toolSnapshotLineArtUrls,
   lineArtGenerating = false,
   captures,
+  textAnnotationsByTargetKey,
+  textAnnotationMessage = null,
   initialScrollTop,
   onCaptureTarget,
   onUpdateImageLayout,
+  onUpdateTextAnnotations,
   autoCapture,
   confirmation,
   onClose,
@@ -180,6 +196,8 @@ export function InstallationDrawingSheet({
   );
   const [adjustTarget, setAdjustTarget] =
     useState<InstallationDrawingCaptureTarget | null>(null);
+  const [textAnnotationTarget, setTextAnnotationTarget] =
+    useState<InstallationDrawingActionCaptureTarget | null>(null);
   const scrollContainerRef = useRef<HTMLElement | null>(null);
   const {
     markerManagerTarget,
@@ -297,6 +315,23 @@ export function InstallationDrawingSheet({
       image.numberingMarkerCountOverrides,
     );
   };
+  const commitTextAnnotations = (
+    target: InstallationDrawingActionCaptureTarget,
+    annotations: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation[],
+  ) => {
+    const image = resolveCapturedImage(reconciledCaptures, target);
+    if (!image) return;
+    onUpdateTextAnnotations(
+      getInstallationDrawingCaptureTargetKey(target),
+      annotations,
+    );
+    onUpdateImageLayout(
+      target,
+      image.transform,
+      image.numberingMarkers,
+      image.numberingMarkerCountOverrides,
+    );
+  };
   const captureFromCurrentPosition = (
     target: InstallationDrawingCaptureTarget,
   ) => {
@@ -429,6 +464,14 @@ export function InstallationDrawingSheet({
               {confirmation.message}
             </p>
           ) : null}
+          {textAnnotationMessage ? (
+            <p
+              className="mt-1 max-w-[420px] truncate text-[10px] font-bold text-[#a75d29]"
+              title={textAnnotationMessage}
+            >
+              {textAnnotationMessage}
+            </p>
+          ) : null}
         </div>
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
           <InstallationDrawingAutoCaptureControl
@@ -591,6 +634,15 @@ export function InstallationDrawingSheet({
                       onAdjustImage={setAdjustTarget}
                       onManageNumberingMarkers={setMarkerManagerTarget}
                       onCommitNumberingMarkers={commitNumberingMarkers}
+                      textAnnotationsByTargetKey={textAnnotationsByTargetKey}
+                      onManageTextAnnotations={(target) => {
+                        if (target.kind === "action") setTextAnnotationTarget(target);
+                      }}
+                      onCommitTextAnnotations={(target, annotations) => {
+                        if (target.kind === "action") {
+                          commitTextAnnotations(target, annotations);
+                        }
+                      }}
                       allowManualCapture={
                         !autoCapture.running && !autoCapture.hasDraftBatch
                       }
@@ -647,6 +699,21 @@ export function InstallationDrawingSheet({
           onClose={() => setMarkerManagerTarget(null)}
         />
       ) : null}
+      {textAnnotationTarget ? (
+        <InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationDialog
+          title={`安装动作 ${textAnnotationTarget.sequence}`}
+          annotations={
+            textAnnotationsByTargetKey[
+              getInstallationDrawingCaptureTargetKey(textAnnotationTarget)
+            ] ?? []
+          }
+          onSave={(annotations) => {
+            commitTextAnnotations(textAnnotationTarget, annotations);
+            setTextAnnotationTarget(null);
+          }}
+          onClose={() => setTextAnnotationTarget(null)}
+        />
+      ) : null}
     </div>,
     document.body,
   );
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingSheetScroll.test.tsx b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingSheetScroll.test.tsx
index 1fbf77f8..0703228c 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingSheetScroll.test.tsx
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingSheetScroll.test.tsx
@@ -80,9 +80,11 @@ function buildProps(initialScrollTop: number, onCaptureTarget: jest.Mock) {
       actions: [],
       inventoryTransforms: {},
     },
+    textAnnotationsByTargetKey: {},
     initialScrollTop,
     onCaptureTarget,
     onUpdateImageLayout: jest.fn(),
+    onUpdateTextAnnotations: jest.fn(),
     autoCapture: {
       phase: "idle" as const,
       error: null,
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationDialog.tsx b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationDialog.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..002fe343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationDialog.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { Check, Minus, Plus, Trash2, Type, X } from "lucide-react";
+import {
+  MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_ANNOTATIONS_PER_TARGET,
+  MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE,
+  MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_LENGTH,
+  MIN_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE,
+  clampInstallationDrawingTextFontSize,
+  cloneInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations,
+  createInstallationDrawingTextAnnotation,
+  type InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation,
+} from "../lib/installationDrawingTextAnnotations";
+
+interface Props {
+  title: string;
+  annotations: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation[];
+  onSave: (annotations: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation[]) => void;
+  onClose: () => void;
+}
+
+export function InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationDialog({
+  title,
+  annotations,
+  onSave,
+  onClose,
+}: Props) {
+  const [items, setItems] = useState(() =>
+    cloneInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations(annotations),
+  );
+
+  const updateItem = (
+    id: string,
+    patch: Partial<InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation>,
+  ) => {
+    setItems((current) =>
+      current.map((item) => (item.id === id ? { ...item, ...patch } : item)),
+    );
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div className="fixed inset-0 z-[99] flex items-center justify-center bg-black/35 p-5 print:hidden">
+      <div
+        role="dialog"
+        aria-modal="true"
+        aria-label="编辑图纸文字"
+        className="flex max-h-[82vh] w-full max-w-[720px] flex-col border border-black/10 bg-white shadow-[0_24px_70px_rgba(25,31,33,0.28)]"
+      >
+        <header className="flex shrink-0 items-center justify-between border-b border-black/10 px-5 py-3">
+          <div className="min-w-0">
+            <p className="truncate text-[14px] font-black text-[#2d3335]">文字标注 · {title}</p>
+            <p className="mt-0.5 text-[10px] font-bold text-[#7a8284]">
+              保存后直接在动作画面中拖动文字到目标位置。
+            </p>
+          </div>
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            onClick={onClose}
+            aria-label="关闭文字标注"
+            title="关闭"
+            className="inline-flex h-8 w-8 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-[6px] border border-black/10 text-[#596164]"
+          >
+            <X size={15} />
+          </button>
+        </header>
+
+        <div className="min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-auto px-5 py-4">
+          <div className="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between border-b border-black/10 pb-2">
+            <span className="text-[10px] font-black text-[#596164]">共 {items.length} 个文本框</span>
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={() =>
+                setItems((current) => [
+                  ...current,
+                  createInstallationDrawingTextAnnotation(current.length),
+                ])
+              }
+              disabled={items.length >= MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_ANNOTATIONS_PER_TARGET}
+              className="inline-flex h-8 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-[6px] border border-black/10 px-3 text-[11px] font-black text-[#2d3335] disabled:opacity-40"
+            >
+              <Type size={13} /> 添加文本
+            </button>
+          </div>
+
+          {items.length === 0 ? (
+            <div className="flex min-h-32 items-center justify-center border border-dashed border-black/15 text-[11px] font-bold text-[#7a8284]">
+              点击“添加文本”创建第一个文字标注
+            </div>
+          ) : (
+            <div className="grid gap-2.5">
+              {items.map((item, index) => (
+                <section
+                  key={item.id}
+                  className="grid grid-cols-[34px_minmax(0,1fr)_32px] items-center gap-3 border border-black/10 px-3 py-2.5 md:grid-cols-[34px_minmax(0,1fr)_146px_32px]"
+                >
+                  <span className="flex h-7 w-7 items-center justify-center bg-[#2d3335] text-[10px] font-black text-white">
+                    {index + 1}
+                  </span>
+                  <textarea
+                    value={item.text}
+                    onChange={(event) =>
+                      updateItem(item.id, {
+                        text: event.target.value.slice(0, MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_LENGTH),
+                      })
+                    }
+                    rows={2}
+                    maxLength={MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_LENGTH}
+                    placeholder="输入安装说明"
+                    aria-label={`文字标注 ${index + 1} 内容`}
+                    className="min-h-[52px] w-full resize-y border border-black/10 px-2.5 py-2 text-[12px] font-semibold leading-5 text-[#202526] outline-none focus:border-[#596164]"
+                  />
+                  <div className="col-start-2 row-start-2 flex items-center justify-start gap-1 md:col-auto md:row-auto md:justify-end">
+                    <button
+                      type="button"
+                      onClick={() =>
+                        updateItem(item.id, {
+                          fontSize: clampInstallationDrawingTextFontSize(item.fontSize - 1),
+                        })
+                      }
+                      disabled={item.fontSize <= MIN_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE}
+                      aria-label={`缩小文字标注 ${index + 1}`}
+                      title="缩小字号"
+                      className="inline-flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center border border-black/10 text-[#596164] disabled:opacity-30"
+                    >
+                      <Minus size={12} />
+                    </button>
+                    <label className="flex h-8 w-[64px] items-center border border-black/10 px-1.5 text-[10px] font-black text-[#596164]">
+                      <input
+                        type="number"
+                        min={MIN_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE}
+                        max={MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE}
+                        value={item.fontSize}
+                        onChange={(event) =>
+                          updateItem(item.id, {
+                            fontSize: clampInstallationDrawingTextFontSize(Number(event.target.value)),
+                          })
+                        }
+                        aria-label={`文字标注 ${index + 1} 字号`}
+                        className="min-w-0 flex-1 bg-transparent text-center outline-none"
+                      />
+                      px
+                    </label>
+                    <button
+                      type="button"
+                      onClick={() =>
+                        updateItem(item.id, {
+                          fontSize: clampInstallationDrawingTextFontSize(item.fontSize + 1),
+                        })
+                      }
+                      disabled={item.fontSize >= MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE}
+                      aria-label={`放大文字标注 ${index + 1}`}
+                      title="放大字号"
+                      className="inline-flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center border border-black/10 text-[#596164] disabled:opacity-30"
+                    >
+                      <Plus size={12} />
+                    </button>
+                  </div>
+                  <button
+                    type="button"
+                    onClick={() => setItems((current) => current.filter((entry) => entry.id !== item.id))}
+                    aria-label={`删除文字标注 ${index + 1}`}
+                    title="删除"
+                    className="col-start-3 row-start-1 inline-flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center text-[#a94b3d] md:col-auto md:row-auto"
+                  >
+                    <Trash2 size={14} />
+                  </button>
+                </section>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </div>
+
+        <footer className="flex shrink-0 justify-end gap-2 border-t border-black/10 px-5 py-3">
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            onClick={onClose}
+            className="h-8 rounded-[6px] border border-black/10 px-4 text-[11px] font-black text-[#596164]"
+          >
+            取消
+          </button>
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            onClick={() =>
+              onSave(
+                items
+                  .map((item) => ({ ...item, text: item.text.trim() }))
+                  .filter((item) => item.text.length > 0),
+              )
+            }
+            className="inline-flex h-8 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-[6px] bg-[#2d3335] px-4 text-[11px] font-black text-white"
+          >
+            <Check size={13} /> 保存
+          </button>
+        </footer>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations.test.tsx b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de7727b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import { fireEvent, render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations } from "./InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations";
+
+describe("InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations", () => {
+  const annotation = {
+    id: "text-1",
+    text: "锁紧四颗螺丝",
+    x: 0.4,
+    y: 0.3,
+    fontSize: 14,
+  };
+
+  it("commits the dragged template position", () => {
+    const onCommit = jest.fn();
+    render(
+      <div className="relative h-[100px] w-[200px]">
+        <InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations
+          annotations={[annotation]}
+          editable
+          onCommit={onCommit}
+        />
+      </div>,
+    );
+    const text = screen.getByRole("button", { name: "移动文字标注 锁紧四颗螺丝" });
+    const layer = text.parentElement as HTMLDivElement;
+    Object.defineProperty(layer, "getBoundingClientRect", {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: () => ({ width: 200, height: 100 }),
+    });
+    Object.defineProperty(text, "setPointerCapture", {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: jest.fn(),
+    });
+    Object.defineProperty(text, "hasPointerCapture", {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: jest.fn(() => false),
+    });
+
+    const dispatchPointer = (type: string, clientX: number, clientY: number) => {
+      const event = new MouseEvent(type, { bubbles: true, clientX, clientY });
+      Object.defineProperty(event, "pointerId", { value: 5 });
+      fireEvent(text, event);
+    };
+    dispatchPointer("pointerdown", 80, 30);
+    dispatchPointer("pointermove", 120, 50);
+    dispatchPointer("pointerup", 120, 50);
+
+    expect(onCommit).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    const committed = onCommit.mock.calls[0][0][0];
+    expect(committed).toMatchObject({
+      id: "text-1",
+      text: "锁紧四颗螺丝",
+      fontSize: 14,
+    });
+    expect(committed.x).toBeCloseTo(0.6);
+    expect(committed.y).toBeCloseTo(0.5);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps a separate static print layer", () => {
+    const { container } = render(
+      <InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations
+        annotations={[annotation]}
+        editable
+        onCommit={jest.fn()}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    const printText = container.querySelector(
+      '[data-drawing-print-text-annotation="text-1"]',
+    );
+    expect(printText).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(printText).not.toHaveAttribute("role");
+    expect(printText).not.toHaveAttribute("title");
+    expect(printText).toHaveStyle({ fontSize: "14px" });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations.tsx b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..609618ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/components/InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useRef, useState, type PointerEvent as ReactPointerEvent } from "react";
+import {
+  clampInstallationDrawingTextPosition,
+  type InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation,
+} from "../lib/installationDrawingTextAnnotations";
+
+interface Props {
+  annotations: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation[];
+  editable?: boolean;
+  onCommit?: (annotations: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation[]) => void;
+}
+
+interface DragState {
+  id: string;
+  pointerId: number;
+  clientX: number;
+  clientY: number;
+  x: number;
+  y: number;
+}
+
+export function InstallationDrawingTextAnnotations({
+  annotations,
+  editable = false,
+  onCommit,
+}: Props) {
+  const layerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
+  const dragRef = useRef<DragState | null>(null);
+  const latestRef = useRef(annotations);
+  const [draggedAnnotations, setDraggedAnnotations] = useState<InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation[] | null>(null);
+  const currentAnnotations = draggedAnnotations ?? annotations;
+
+  const beginDrag = (
+    event: ReactPointerEvent<HTMLSpanElement>,
+    annotation: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation,
+  ) => {
+    if (!editable || !onCommit) return;
+    event.stopPropagation();
+    event.currentTarget.setPointerCapture(event.pointerId);
+    latestRef.current = annotations;
+    setDraggedAnnotations(annotations);
+    dragRef.current = {
+      id: annotation.id,
+      pointerId: event.pointerId,
+      clientX: event.clientX,
+      clientY: event.clientY,
+      x: annotation.x,
+      y: annotation.y,
+    };
+  };
+
+  const moveText = (event: ReactPointerEvent<HTMLSpanElement>) => {
+    const drag = dragRef.current;
+    const layer = layerRef.current;
+    if (!editable || !drag || drag.pointerId !== event.pointerId || !layer) return;
+    event.stopPropagation();
+    const bounds = layer.getBoundingClientRect();
+    if (bounds.width <= 0 || bounds.height <= 0) return;
+    const nextX = clampInstallationDrawingTextPosition(
+      drag.x + (event.clientX - drag.clientX) / bounds.width,
+    );
+    const nextY = clampInstallationDrawingTextPosition(
+      drag.y + (event.clientY - drag.clientY) / bounds.height,
+    );
+    const nextAnnotations = latestRef.current.map((item) =>
+      item.id === drag.id ? { ...item, x: nextX, y: nextY } : item,
+    );
+    latestRef.current = nextAnnotations;
+    setDraggedAnnotations(nextAnnotations);
+  };
+
+  const endDrag = (event: ReactPointerEvent<HTMLSpanElement>) => {
+    if (dragRef.current?.pointerId !== event.pointerId) return;
+    event.stopPropagation();
+    dragRef.current = null;
+    onCommit?.(latestRef.current);
+    setDraggedAnnotations(null);
+    if (event.currentTarget.hasPointerCapture(event.pointerId)) {
+      event.currentTarget.releasePointerCapture(event.pointerId);
+    }
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <div
+        ref={layerRef}
+        className="drawing-text-annotation-screen-layer pointer-events-none absolute inset-0 z-[3] select-none print:hidden"
+      >
+        {currentAnnotations.map((annotation) => (
+          <span
+            key={annotation.id}
+            role={editable ? "button" : undefined}
+            aria-label={editable ? `移动文字标注 ${annotation.text}` : undefined}
+            title={editable ? "拖动文字标注" : undefined}
+            data-drawing-text-annotation={annotation.id}
+            onPointerDown={(event) => beginDrag(event, annotation)}
+            onPointerMove={moveText}
+            onPointerUp={endDrag}
+            onPointerCancel={endDrag}
+            className={`absolute -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 whitespace-pre-wrap break-words text-left font-semibold leading-[1.25] text-[#202526] ${editable ? "pointer-events-auto cursor-move rounded-[2px] bg-white/85 px-1 py-0.5 shadow-[0_1px_4px_rgba(32,37,38,0.18)] ring-1 ring-[#202526]/25 touch-none" : "pointer-events-none"}`}
+            style={{
+              left: `${annotation.x * 100}%`,
+              top: `${annotation.y * 100}%`,
+              maxWidth: "84%",
+              fontSize: `${annotation.fontSize}px`,
+            }}
+          >
+            {annotation.text}
+          </span>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+      <div className="drawing-text-annotation-print-layer pointer-events-none absolute inset-0 z-[3] hidden overflow-hidden select-none print:block">
+        {annotations.map((annotation) => (
+          <span
+            key={annotation.id}
+            data-drawing-print-text-annotation={annotation.id}
+            className="absolute -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 whitespace-pre-wrap break-words text-left font-semibold leading-[1.25] text-[#202526]"
+            style={{
+              left: `${annotation.x * 100}%`,
+              top: `${annotation.y * 100}%`,
+              maxWidth: "84%",
+              fontSize: `${annotation.fontSize}px`,
+            }}
+          >
+            {annotation.text}
+          </span>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/hooks/useInstallationDrawingAutoCapture.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/hooks/useInstallationDrawingAutoCapture.ts
index dbb28766..f0c0cad8 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/hooks/useInstallationDrawingAutoCapture.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/hooks/useInstallationDrawingAutoCapture.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@ import {
   type InstallationDrawingImageMode,
   type InstallationDrawingNumberMarker,
 } from "../lib/installationDrawingCaptureTypes";
-import { resolveInstallationDrawingPendingTargets } from "../lib/installationDrawingAutoCapturePlan";
+import {
+  resolveInstallationDrawingAutoCaptureStartMode,
+  resolveInstallationDrawingPendingTargets,
+} from "../lib/installationDrawingAutoCapturePlan";
 import { preserveInstallationDrawingCaptureAnnotations } from "../lib/installationDrawingCapturePreservation";
 
 type AutoCapturePhase =
@@ -177,14 +180,14 @@ export function useInstallationDrawingAutoCapture({
   );
 
   const start = useCallback(async () => {
-    if (
-      !drawingId ||
-      !modelUrl ||
-      !configFingerprint ||
-      phase === "loading" ||
-      (snapshot?.active && !snapshot.draft)
-    )
-      return;
+    const startMode = resolveInstallationDrawingAutoCaptureStartMode({
+      drawingId,
+      modelUrl,
+      configFingerprint,
+      hasActiveBatch: Boolean(snapshot?.active),
+      loading: phase === "loading",
+    });
+    if (!startMode || !drawingId || !modelUrl || !configFingerprint) return;
     pauseRequestedRef.current = false;
     setError(null);
     setPhase("seeding");
@@ -195,7 +198,7 @@ export function useInstallationDrawingAutoCapture({
         configFingerprint,
         expectedTargetKeys: targetKeys,
         inventoryTransforms: captures.inventoryTransforms,
-        mode: snapshot?.active ? "replace" : "fill",
+        mode: startMode,
       });
       const draft = workingSnapshot?.draft;
       if (!draft) throw new Error("自动抓取草稿批次创建失败");
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/hooks/useInstallationDrawingCapture.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/hooks/useInstallationDrawingCapture.ts
index 8999bdb9..1dc3ed27 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/hooks/useInstallationDrawingCapture.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/hooks/useInstallationDrawingCapture.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import type {
 import { buildInstallationStepMaterialItems } from '../lib/installationStepMaterials'
 import { collectInstallationToolAttachmentIdentities } from '../lib/installationToolAttachmentIdentity'
 import { preserveInstallationDrawingCaptureAnnotations } from '../lib/installationDrawingCapturePreservation'
+import { resolveInstallationDrawingTechnicalLineAnnotation } from '../lib/installationDrawingActionCaptureFrame'
 import type {
   InstallationDrawingActionCapture,
   InstallationDrawingCaptures,
@@ -290,6 +291,13 @@ export function useInstallationDrawingCapture({
       const lineArtUrl = capture({
         ...INSTALLATION_DRAWING_LINE_CAPTURE_OPTIONS,
         technicalLineStyle: captureTarget.kind === 'finished' ? 'clean' : 'detail',
+        technicalLineAnnotation: captureTarget.kind === 'action'
+          ? resolveInstallationDrawingTechnicalLineAnnotation({
+              target: captureTarget,
+              steps,
+              numberingParts,
+            })
+          : undefined,
       })
       if (!lineArtUrl) throw new Error('当前模型无法生成打印线稿，请确认模型几何已完整加载。')
       const capturedImage = {
@@ -323,7 +331,16 @@ export function useInstallationDrawingCapture({
     } finally {
       setCapturing(false)
     }
-  }, [captureReady, captureRef, captureTarget, captures, capturing, numberingMarkersRef])
+  }, [
+    captureReady,
+    captureRef,
+    captureTarget,
+    captures,
+    capturing,
+    numberingMarkersRef,
+    numberingParts,
+    steps,
+  ])
 
   const applyPersistedBatch = useCallback((batch: InstallationDrawingCaptureBatch | null) => {
     if (!batch) {
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/hooks/useInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/hooks/useInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ab1d190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/hooks/useInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import {
+  cloneInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations,
+  sanitizeInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations,
+  type InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation,
+  type InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget,
+} from "../lib/installationDrawingTextAnnotations";
+
+interface AnnotationSnapshot {
+  annotationsByTargetKey?: unknown;
+}
+
+interface AnnotationApiResponse {
+  success?: boolean;
+  data?: { snapshot?: AnnotationSnapshot };
+  error?: { message?: string };
+}
+
+async function readResponse(response: Response, fallback: string) {
+  const payload = (await response.json().catch(() => null)) as AnnotationApiResponse | null;
+  if (!response.ok || !payload?.success) {
+    throw new Error(payload?.error?.message || fallback);
+  }
+  return sanitizeInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations(
+    payload.data?.snapshot?.annotationsByTargetKey,
+  );
+}
+
+export function useInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations(
+  drawingId: string | null,
+  canEdit: boolean,
+) {
+  const [snapshotState, setSnapshotState] = useState<{
+    drawingId: string | null;
+    annotations: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget;
+  }>({ drawingId: null, annotations: {} });
+  const [messageState, setMessageState] = useState<{
+    drawingId: string | null;
+    message: string | null;
+  }>({ drawingId: null, message: null });
+  const saveQueueRef = useRef<Promise<void>>(Promise.resolve());
+  const annotationsByTargetKey =
+    snapshotState.drawingId === drawingId ? snapshotState.annotations : {};
+  const message = messageState.drawingId === drawingId ? messageState.message : null;
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    let cancelled = false;
+    if (!drawingId) {
+      return () => {
+        cancelled = true;
+      };
+    }
+    const searchParams = new URLSearchParams({ drawingId });
+    void fetch(
+      `/api/installation-demo-workbench/drawing-text-annotations?${searchParams.toString()}`,
+      { credentials: "same-origin" },
+    )
+      .then((response) => readResponse(response, "图纸文字标注读取失败"))
+      .then((annotations) => {
+        if (!cancelled) setSnapshotState({ drawingId, annotations });
+      })
+      .catch((error) => {
+        if (!cancelled) {
+          setMessageState({
+            drawingId,
+            message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : "图纸文字标注读取失败",
+          });
+        }
+      });
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+    };
+  }, [drawingId]);
+
+  const saveTargetAnnotations = useCallback(
+    (targetKey: string, annotations: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation[]) => {
+      if (!drawingId || !canEdit) return;
+      const nextAnnotations = cloneInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations(annotations);
+      setSnapshotState((current) => {
+        const next = current.drawingId === drawingId ? { ...current.annotations } : {};
+        if (nextAnnotations.length === 0) delete next[targetKey];
+        else next[targetKey] = nextAnnotations;
+        return { drawingId, annotations: next };
+      });
+      setMessageState({ drawingId, message: null });
+      saveQueueRef.current = saveQueueRef.current
+        .catch(() => undefined)
+        .then(async () => {
+          const response = await fetch(
+            "/api/installation-demo-workbench/drawing-text-annotations",
+            {
+              method: "PATCH",
+              credentials: "same-origin",
+              headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+              body: JSON.stringify({ drawingId, targetKey, annotations: nextAnnotations }),
+            },
+          );
+          await readResponse(response, "图纸文字标注保存失败");
+        })
+        .catch((error) => {
+          setMessageState({
+            drawingId,
+            message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : "图纸文字标注保存失败",
+          });
+        });
+    },
+    [canEdit, drawingId],
+  );
+
+  return {
+    annotationsByTargetKey,
+    message,
+    saveTargetAnnotations,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingActionCaptureFrame.test.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingActionCaptureFrame.test.ts
index 1364705e..ab4ad599 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingActionCaptureFrame.test.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingActionCaptureFrame.test.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
   isInstallationDrawingActionCaptureFrameApplied,
   isInstallationDrawingActionWorkspaceReady,
   resolveInstallationDrawingActionCaptureFrame,
+  resolveInstallationDrawingTechnicalLineAnnotation,
 } from './installationDrawingActionCaptureFrame'
 import type { InstallationPartItem, InstallationStepDraft } from '../types'
 
@@ -61,6 +62,87 @@ const step: InstallationStepDraft = {
 }
 
 describe('resolveInstallationDrawingActionCaptureFrame', () => {
+  it('builds red action nodes and blue hardware paths from the saved assembled transforms', () => {
+    const actionStep = {
+      ...step,
+      hardwareNodeNames: ['action-2'],
+    }
+    const target = {
+      kind: 'action' as const,
+      id: 'step-1:action-2',
+      stepId: 'step-1',
+      frameKind: 'action' as const,
+      actionId: 'action-2',
+      sequence: 3,
+    }
+
+    expect(resolveInstallationDrawingTechnicalLineAnnotation({
+      target,
+      steps: [actionStep],
+      numberingParts: [],
+    })).toEqual({
+      activeNodeNames: ['action-2'],
+      hardwareNodeNames: ['action-2'],
+      assembledTransforms: [
+        { nodeName: 'fixed', position: [0, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+        { nodeName: 'action-1', position: [1, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+        { nodeName: 'action-2', position: [2, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+      ],
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('does not add action annotations to a fixed frame', () => {
+    expect(resolveInstallationDrawingTechnicalLineAnnotation({
+      target: {
+        kind: 'action',
+        id: 'step-1:fixed',
+        stepId: 'step-1',
+        frameKind: 'fixed',
+        actionId: null,
+        sequence: 1,
+      },
+      steps: [step],
+      numberingParts: [],
+    })).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it('keeps a part-only action red without inventing a hardware path', () => {
+    expect(resolveInstallationDrawingTechnicalLineAnnotation({
+      target: {
+        kind: 'action',
+        id: 'step-1:action-1',
+        stepId: 'step-1',
+        frameKind: 'action',
+        actionId: 'action-1',
+        sequence: 2,
+      },
+      steps: [step],
+      numberingParts: [],
+    })?.hardwareNodeNames).toEqual([])
+  })
+
+  it('recognizes hardware from numbering bindings when legacy step role arrays are empty', () => {
+    const numberingParts = [{
+      id: 'hardware-part',
+      nodeName: 'action-2',
+      nodeNames: ['action-2'],
+      kind: 'hardware',
+    }] as InstallationPartItem[]
+
+    expect(resolveInstallationDrawingTechnicalLineAnnotation({
+      target: {
+        kind: 'action',
+        id: 'step-1:action-2',
+        stepId: 'step-1',
+        frameKind: 'action',
+        actionId: 'action-2',
+        sequence: 3,
+      },
+      steps: [step],
+      numberingParts,
+    })?.hardwareNodeNames).toEqual(['action-2'])
+  })
+
   it('shows only the step fixed nodes in the fixed opening frame', () => {
     const frame = resolveInstallationDrawingActionCaptureFrame({
       target: {
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingActionCaptureFrame.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingActionCaptureFrame.ts
index dc0320df..90cb2c02 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingActionCaptureFrame.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingActionCaptureFrame.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-import type { NodeLocalTransformState, ThreeDEngine } from '@/lib/3d/engine'
+import type {
+  EngineTechnicalLineAnnotation,
+  NodeLocalTransformState,
+  ThreeDEngine,
+} from '@/lib/3d/engine'
 import { buildInstallationStepEditFrame } from './installationStepActionPlayback'
 import { deriveInstallationFinishClosePlaybackStep } from './installationFinishCloseBinding'
 import type { InstallationDrawingActionCaptureTarget } from './installationDrawingCaptureTypes'
@@ -137,6 +141,42 @@ interface ResolveInstallationDrawingActionCaptureFrameInput {
   modelNodeNames: string[]
 }
 
+export function resolveInstallationDrawingTechnicalLineAnnotation({
+  target,
+  steps,
+  numberingParts,
+}: Omit<ResolveInstallationDrawingActionCaptureFrameInput, 'modelNodeNames'>):
+  EngineTechnicalLineAnnotation | undefined {
+  if (!target || target.frameKind !== 'action' || !target.actionId) return undefined
+  const storedStep = steps.find((item) => item.id === target.stepId) ?? null
+  if (!storedStep) return undefined
+  const step = deriveInstallationFinishClosePlaybackStep({
+    step: storedStep,
+    numberingParts,
+  })
+  const action = step?.actions?.find((item) => item.id === target.actionId) ?? null
+  if (!step || !action) return undefined
+
+  const hardwareNodeNameSet = new Set([
+    ...step.hardwareNodeNames,
+    ...numberingParts
+      .filter((part) => part.kind === 'hardware')
+      .flatMap((part) => [part.nodeName, ...part.nodeNames])
+      .filter((nodeName): nodeName is string => Boolean(nodeName)),
+  ])
+  const assembledTransforms = Object.entries(step.assembledTransforms ?? {}).flatMap(
+    ([nodeName, transform]) => transform.position
+      ? [{ nodeName, position: transform.position, rotation: transform.rotation }]
+      : [],
+  )
+
+  return {
+    activeNodeNames: action.nodeNames,
+    hardwareNodeNames: action.nodeNames.filter((nodeName) => hardwareNodeNameSet.has(nodeName)),
+    assembledTransforms,
+  }
+}
+
 export function resolveInstallationDrawingActionCaptureFrame({
   target,
   steps,
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingAutoCapturePlan.test.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingAutoCapturePlan.test.ts
index d2052c2f..98743d4b 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingAutoCapturePlan.test.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingAutoCapturePlan.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-import { resolveInstallationDrawingPendingTargets } from './installationDrawingAutoCapturePlan'
+import {
+  resolveInstallationDrawingAutoCaptureStartMode,
+  resolveInstallationDrawingPendingTargets,
+} from './installationDrawingAutoCapturePlan'
 import type { InstallationDrawingCaptureTarget } from './installationDrawingCaptureTypes'
 
 const targets: Array<Exclude<InstallationDrawingCaptureTarget, { kind: 'inventory' }>> = [
@@ -25,3 +28,33 @@ describe('resolveInstallationDrawingPendingTargets', () => {
   })
 })
 
+describe('resolveInstallationDrawingAutoCaptureStartMode', () => {
+  const readyState = {
+    drawingId: 'drawing-1',
+    modelUrl: '/model.glb',
+    configFingerprint: 'config-1',
+    loading: false,
+  }
+
+  it('starts a full replacement when a completed batch already exists', () => {
+    expect(resolveInstallationDrawingAutoCaptureStartMode({
+      ...readyState,
+      hasActiveBatch: true,
+    })).toBe('replace')
+  })
+
+  it('starts a fill batch when no completed batch exists', () => {
+    expect(resolveInstallationDrawingAutoCaptureStartMode({
+      ...readyState,
+      hasActiveBatch: false,
+    })).toBe('fill')
+  })
+
+  it('does not start before the drawing context is ready', () => {
+    expect(resolveInstallationDrawingAutoCaptureStartMode({
+      ...readyState,
+      hasActiveBatch: true,
+      loading: true,
+    })).toBeNull()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingAutoCapturePlan.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingAutoCapturePlan.ts
index 2c023934..bf92c938 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingAutoCapturePlan.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingAutoCapturePlan.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,22 @@ import {
 
 type CaptureTarget = Exclude<InstallationDrawingCaptureTarget, { kind: 'inventory' }>
 
+export function resolveInstallationDrawingAutoCaptureStartMode(input: {
+  drawingId: string | null
+  modelUrl: string | null
+  configFingerprint: string | null
+  hasActiveBatch: boolean
+  loading: boolean
+}) {
+  if (
+    !input.drawingId
+    || !input.modelUrl
+    || !input.configFingerprint
+    || input.loading
+  ) return null
+  return input.hasActiveBatch ? 'replace' : 'fill'
+}
+
 export function resolveInstallationDrawingPendingTargets(
   targets: CaptureTarget[],
   completedTargetKeys: Iterable<string>,
@@ -14,4 +30,3 @@ export function resolveInstallationDrawingPendingTargets(
     (target) => !completed.has(getInstallationDrawingCaptureTargetKey(target)),
   )
 }
-
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingTextAnnotations.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingTextAnnotations.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2708cfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingTextAnnotations.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+export interface InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation {
+  id: string;
+  text: string;
+  x: number;
+  y: number;
+  fontSize: number;
+}
+
+export type InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget = Record<
+  string,
+  InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation[]
+>;
+
+export const DEFAULT_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE = 12;
+export const MIN_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE = 8;
+export const MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE = 32;
+export const MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_LENGTH = 240;
+export const MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_ANNOTATIONS_PER_TARGET = 24;
+
+export function createInstallationDrawingTextAnnotation(
+  index = 0,
+): InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation {
+  return {
+    id: `text-${Date.now()}-${index}`,
+    text: "",
+    x: Math.min(0.8, 0.42 + index * 0.04),
+    y: Math.min(0.82, 0.42 + index * 0.05),
+    fontSize: DEFAULT_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE,
+  };
+}
+
+export function clampInstallationDrawingTextPosition(value: number) {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return 0.5;
+  return Math.min(0.98, Math.max(0.02, value));
+}
+
+export function clampInstallationDrawingTextFontSize(value: number) {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return DEFAULT_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE;
+  return Math.min(
+    MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE,
+    Math.max(MIN_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE, Math.round(value)),
+  );
+}
+
+export function sanitizeInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations(
+  value: unknown,
+): InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget {
+  if (!value || typeof value !== "object" || Array.isArray(value)) return {};
+  const result: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget = {};
+  for (const [targetKey, entries] of Object.entries(value)) {
+    if (!targetKey.trim() || !Array.isArray(entries)) continue;
+    result[targetKey] = entries
+      .filter((entry): entry is Record<string, unknown> => Boolean(entry) && typeof entry === "object" && !Array.isArray(entry))
+      .map((entry, index) => {
+        const text = typeof entry.text === "string" ? entry.text.slice(0, MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_LENGTH) : "";
+        return {
+          id: typeof entry.id === "string" && entry.id.trim() ? entry.id : `text-${targetKey}-${index}`,
+          text,
+          x: clampInstallationDrawingTextPosition(Number(entry.x)),
+          y: clampInstallationDrawingTextPosition(Number(entry.y)),
+          fontSize: clampInstallationDrawingTextFontSize(Number(entry.fontSize) || DEFAULT_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_FONT_SIZE),
+        };
+      })
+      .filter((entry) => entry.text.trim().length > 0)
+      .slice(0, MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_ANNOTATIONS_PER_TARGET);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+export function cloneInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations(
+  annotations: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation[],
+) {
+  return annotations.map((annotation) => ({ ...annotation }));
+}
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/engine.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/engine.ts
index f830fd59..9751e550 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/engine.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/engine.ts
@@ -76,6 +76,12 @@ export interface NodeLocalTransformState {
   rotation: [number, number, number, number];
 }
 
+export interface EngineTechnicalLineAnnotation {
+  activeNodeNames: string[];
+  hardwareNodeNames: string[];
+  assembledTransforms: NodeLocalTransformState[];
+}
+
 export type EngineWorldNodeSource =
   | "desktop"
   | "leg"
@@ -113,6 +119,7 @@ export interface EngineCaptureOptions {
   cropAlphaThreshold?: number;
   renderMode?: "default" | "technical-line";
   technicalLineStyle?: "clean" | "detail";
+  technicalLineAnnotation?: EngineTechnicalLineAnnotation;
   renderCamera?: THREE.Camera;
 }
 
@@ -1676,6 +1683,33 @@ export class ThreeDEngine {
         ...(this.modelRoot ? [this.modelRoot] : []),
         ...Array.from(this.externalRaycastRoots),
       ];
+      const annotation = options.technicalLineAnnotation
+        ? {
+            activeObjects: options.technicalLineAnnotation.activeNodeNames.flatMap(
+              (nodeName) => {
+                const object = this.resolveObjectByNodeName(nodeName);
+                return object ? [object] : [];
+              },
+            ),
+            hardwareObjects: options.technicalLineAnnotation.hardwareNodeNames.flatMap(
+              (nodeName) => {
+                const object = this.resolveObjectByNodeName(nodeName);
+                return object ? [object] : [];
+              },
+            ),
+            assembledTransforms:
+              options.technicalLineAnnotation.assembledTransforms.flatMap((transform) => {
+                const object = this.resolveObjectByNodeName(transform.nodeName);
+                return object
+                  ? [{
+                      object,
+                      position: transform.position,
+                      rotation: transform.rotation,
+                    }]
+                  : [];
+              }),
+          }
+        : undefined;
       const drawingBufferSize = this.renderer.getDrawingBufferSize(new THREE.Vector2());
       return withTechnicalLineCaptureScene(
         roots,
@@ -1698,6 +1732,7 @@ export class ThreeDEngine {
           viewportWidth: drawingBufferSize.x,
           viewportHeight: drawingBufferSize.y,
           style: options.technicalLineStyle ?? "detail",
+          annotation,
         },
       );
     }
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-annotations.test.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-annotations.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19439dd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-annotations.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+import * as THREE from 'three'
+import {
+  collectTechnicalLineActiveMeshes,
+  resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths,
+  type TechnicalLineCaptureAnnotation,
+} from './technical-line-annotations'
+
+function createMesh(name: string) {
+  const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(
+    new THREE.BoxGeometry(2, 2, 2),
+    new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+  )
+  mesh.name = name
+  return mesh
+}
+
+function createFrontCamera() {
+  const camera = new THREE.OrthographicCamera(-5, 5, 5, -5, 0.1, 20)
+  camera.position.set(0, 0, 10)
+  camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0)
+  camera.updateProjectionMatrix()
+  camera.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+  return camera
+}
+
+function createBoardWithHole() {
+  const shape = new THREE.Shape()
+  shape.moveTo(-2, -2)
+  shape.lineTo(2, -2)
+  shape.lineTo(2, 2)
+  shape.lineTo(-2, 2)
+  shape.closePath()
+  const hole = new THREE.Path()
+  hole.absellipse(0, 0, 0.6, 0.6, 0, Math.PI * 2, false, 0)
+  shape.holes.push(hole)
+  const geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, {
+    depth: 1,
+    bevelEnabled: false,
+    curveSegments: 16,
+    steps: 1,
+  })
+  geometry.translate(0, 0, -0.5)
+  return new THREE.Mesh(geometry, new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial())
+}
+
+describe('technical line annotations', () => {
+  test('collects only meshes below the current action objects', () => {
+    const scene = new THREE.Scene()
+    const activeGroup = new THREE.Group()
+    const activeMesh = createMesh('active')
+    const inactiveMesh = createMesh('inactive')
+    activeGroup.add(activeMesh)
+    scene.add(activeGroup, inactiveMesh)
+    scene.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+
+    expect(collectTechnicalLineActiveMeshes(
+      [activeMesh, inactiveMesh],
+      [activeGroup],
+    )).toEqual([activeMesh])
+  })
+
+  test('uses the visible opening of the real receiving hole instead of the saved hardware center', () => {
+    const scene = new THREE.Scene()
+    const modelRoot = new THREE.Group()
+    const hardware = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 0.4),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    const board = createBoardWithHole()
+    hardware.position.set(0, 1, 3)
+    board.position.set(0, 1, 0)
+    modelRoot.add(hardware, board)
+    scene.add(modelRoot)
+    scene.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+    modelRoot.matrixWorld.makeTranslation(4, 0, 0)
+    hardware.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+    board.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+
+    const [path] = resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths({
+      activeObjects: [hardware],
+      hardwareObjects: [hardware],
+      assembledTransforms: [
+        { object: hardware, position: [0, 0, 0.2], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+        { object: board, position: [0, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+      ],
+    }, [hardware, board], createFrontCamera())
+
+    expect(path.start.x).toBeCloseTo(4)
+    expect(path.start.y).toBeCloseTo(1)
+    expect(path.start.z).toBeCloseTo(2.8)
+    expect(path.end.x).toBeCloseTo(4)
+    expect(path.end.y).toBeCloseTo(1)
+    expect(path.end.z).toBeCloseTo(0.5)
+  })
+
+  test('skips a nearer hidden hole loop and uses the next visible opening', () => {
+    const scene = new THREE.Scene()
+    const hardware = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 0.4),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    const board = createBoardWithHole()
+    const internalBlocker = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(2, 2, 0.1),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    hardware.position.set(0, 0, 3)
+    scene.add(hardware, board, internalBlocker)
+    scene.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+
+    const [path] = resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths({
+      activeObjects: [hardware],
+      hardwareObjects: [hardware],
+      assembledTransforms: [
+        { object: hardware, position: [0, 0, -0.2], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+        { object: board, position: [0, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+      ],
+    }, [hardware, board, internalBlocker], createFrontCamera())
+
+    expect(path.start.z).toBeCloseTo(2.8)
+    expect(path.end.x).toBeCloseTo(0)
+    expect(path.end.y).toBeCloseTo(0)
+    expect(path.end.z).toBeCloseTo(0.5)
+  })
+
+  test('does not draw a receiving hole hidden behind another board', () => {
+    const scene = new THREE.Scene()
+    const hardware = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 0.4),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    const board = createBoardWithHole()
+    const blocker = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(2, 2, 0.5),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    hardware.position.set(0, 0, 3)
+    blocker.position.set(0, 0, 2)
+    scene.add(hardware, board, blocker)
+    scene.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+
+    expect(resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths({
+      activeObjects: [hardware],
+      hardwareObjects: [hardware],
+      assembledTransforms: [
+        { object: hardware, position: [0, 0, 0.2], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+        { object: board, position: [0, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+      ],
+    }, [hardware, board, blocker], createFrontCamera())).toEqual([])
+  })
+
+  test('draws from the hardware installation end along its own axis to the board surface', () => {
+    const scene = new THREE.Scene()
+    const hardware = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.2, 2, 0.2),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    const board = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(4, 1, 4),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    hardware.name = 'hardware'
+    board.name = 'board'
+    hardware.position.set(0, 2, 0)
+    scene.add(hardware, board)
+    scene.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+
+    const annotation: TechnicalLineCaptureAnnotation = {
+      activeObjects: [hardware],
+      hardwareObjects: [hardware],
+      assembledTransforms: [
+        { object: hardware, position: [0, 0.8, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+        { object: board, position: [0, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+      ],
+    }
+    const paths = resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths(annotation, [hardware, board])
+
+    expect(paths).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(paths[0].start.toArray()).toEqual([0, 1, 0])
+    expect(paths[0].end.x).toBeCloseTo(0)
+    expect(paths[0].end.y).toBeCloseTo(0.5)
+    expect(paths[0].end.z).toBeCloseTo(0)
+  })
+
+  test('keeps the path on the hardware axis after rotation', () => {
+    const scene = new THREE.Scene()
+    const hardware = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.2, 2, 0.2),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    const board = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 4, 4),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    hardware.name = 'rotated-hardware'
+    hardware.position.set(2, 0, 0)
+    hardware.rotation.z = Math.PI / 2
+    scene.add(hardware, board)
+    scene.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+
+    const [path] = resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths({
+      activeObjects: [hardware],
+      hardwareObjects: [hardware],
+      assembledTransforms: [
+        {
+          object: hardware,
+          position: [0.8, 0, 0],
+          rotation: [0, 0, Math.SQRT1_2, Math.SQRT1_2],
+        },
+        { object: board, position: [0, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+      ],
+    }, [hardware, board])
+
+    expect(path.start.x).toBeCloseTo(1)
+    expect(path.start.y).toBeCloseTo(0)
+    expect(path.end.x).toBeCloseTo(0.5)
+    expect(path.end.y).toBeCloseTo(0)
+  })
+
+  test('stops at the receiving surface when the saved hardware pose flips', () => {
+    const scene = new THREE.Scene()
+    const hardware = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.2, 2, 0.2),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    const board = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(4, 1, 4),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    hardware.position.set(0, 2, 0)
+    scene.add(hardware, board)
+    scene.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+
+    const [path] = resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths({
+      activeObjects: [hardware],
+      hardwareObjects: [hardware],
+      assembledTransforms: [
+        { object: hardware, position: [0, 0.8, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 1, 0] },
+        { object: board, position: [0, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+      ],
+    }, [hardware, board])
+
+    expect(path.start.y).toBeCloseTo(1)
+    expect(path.end.y).toBeCloseTo(0.5)
+  })
+
+  test('creates one path per hardware object and skips missing final transforms', () => {
+    const scene = new THREE.Scene()
+    const first = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.2, 2, 0.2), new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial())
+    const second = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.2, 2, 0.2), new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial())
+    const missing = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.2, 2, 0.2), new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial())
+    const board = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(10, 1, 4), new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial())
+    first.name = 'first'
+    second.name = 'second'
+    missing.name = 'missing'
+    first.position.set(-2, 2, 0)
+    second.position.set(2, 2, 0)
+    missing.position.set(0, 2, 0)
+    scene.add(first, second, missing, board)
+    scene.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+
+    const paths = resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths({
+      activeObjects: [first, second, missing],
+      hardwareObjects: [first, second, missing],
+      assembledTransforms: [
+        { object: first, position: [-2, 0.8, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+        { object: second, position: [2, 0.8, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+        { object: board, position: [0, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+      ],
+    }, [first, second, missing, board])
+
+    expect(paths.map((path) => path.object.name)).toEqual(['first', 'second'])
+  })
+
+  test('does not fall back to a center line when no receiving surface is on the axis', () => {
+    const scene = new THREE.Scene()
+    const hardware = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.2, 2, 0.2),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    hardware.position.set(3, 0, 0)
+    scene.add(hardware)
+    scene.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+
+    expect(resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths({
+      activeObjects: [hardware],
+      hardwareObjects: [hardware],
+      assembledTransforms: [
+        { object: hardware, position: [0, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+      ],
+    }, [hardware])).toEqual([])
+  })
+})
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-annotations.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-annotations.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db1ad774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-annotations.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+import * as THREE from 'three'
+import { collectClosedTechnicalLineFeatureLoops } from './technical-line-feature-loops'
+
+export interface TechnicalLineAnnotationObjectTransform {
+  object: THREE.Object3D
+  position: [number, number, number]
+  rotation: [number, number, number, number]
+}
+
+export interface TechnicalLineCaptureAnnotation {
+  activeObjects: THREE.Object3D[]
+  hardwareObjects: THREE.Object3D[]
+  assembledTransforms: TechnicalLineAnnotationObjectTransform[]
+}
+
+export interface TechnicalLineHardwarePath {
+  object: THREE.Object3D
+  start: THREE.Vector3
+  end: THREE.Vector3
+}
+
+function isDescendantOf(object: THREE.Object3D, ancestor: THREE.Object3D) {
+  let current: THREE.Object3D | null = object
+  while (current) {
+    if (current === ancestor) return true
+    current = current.parent
+  }
+  return false
+}
+
+export function collectTechnicalLineActiveMeshes(
+  meshes: THREE.Mesh[],
+  activeObjects: THREE.Object3D[],
+) {
+  if (activeObjects.length === 0) return []
+  return meshes.filter((mesh) => activeObjects.some((object) => isDescendantOf(mesh, object)))
+}
+
+function getObjectLocalGeometryBounds(
+  object: THREE.Object3D,
+  meshes: THREE.Mesh[],
+) {
+  const objectWorldInverse = object.matrixWorld.clone().invert()
+  const bounds = new THREE.Box3()
+  let hasGeometry = false
+
+  meshes.forEach((mesh) => {
+    if (!isDescendantOf(mesh, object)) return
+    if (!mesh.geometry.boundingBox) mesh.geometry.computeBoundingBox()
+    if (!mesh.geometry.boundingBox) return
+    const meshToObject = new THREE.Matrix4().multiplyMatrices(
+      objectWorldInverse,
+      mesh.matrixWorld,
+    )
+    bounds.union(mesh.geometry.boundingBox.clone().applyMatrix4(meshToObject))
+    hasGeometry = true
+  })
+
+  return hasGeometry && !bounds.isEmpty() ? bounds : null
+}
+
+function getWorldBounds(meshes: THREE.Mesh[]) {
+  const bounds = new THREE.Box3()
+  meshes.forEach((mesh) => {
+    if (!mesh.geometry.boundingBox) mesh.geometry.computeBoundingBox()
+    if (mesh.geometry.boundingBox) {
+      bounds.union(mesh.geometry.boundingBox.clone().applyMatrix4(mesh.matrixWorld))
+    }
+  })
+  return bounds
+}
+
+function getPrimaryAxisIndex(size: THREE.Vector3) {
+  if (size.y >= size.x && size.y >= size.z) return 1
+  return size.z >= size.x ? 2 : 0
+}
+
+function createWorldAxisPairs(
+  bounds: THREE.Box3,
+  worldMatrix: THREE.Matrix4,
+) {
+  const center = bounds.getCenter(new THREE.Vector3())
+  return [0, 1, 2].flatMap((axisIndex) => {
+    const minimum = center.clone().setComponent(axisIndex, bounds.min.getComponent(axisIndex))
+      .applyMatrix4(worldMatrix)
+    const maximum = center.clone().setComponent(axisIndex, bounds.max.getComponent(axisIndex))
+      .applyMatrix4(worldMatrix)
+    const axis = maximum.clone().sub(minimum)
+    if (axis.lengthSq() <= 1e-12) return []
+    return [{ axisIndex, minimum, maximum, axis: axis.normalize() }]
+  })
+}
+
+function createAxialEndpoints(
+  bounds: THREE.Box3,
+  worldMatrix: THREE.Matrix4,
+) {
+  const axisIndex = getPrimaryAxisIndex(bounds.getSize(new THREE.Vector3()))
+  const pair = createWorldAxisPairs(bounds, worldMatrix)
+    .find((candidate) => candidate.axisIndex === axisIndex)
+  if (!pair) return []
+  return [
+    { start: pair.minimum, direction: pair.axis.clone().multiplyScalar(-1) },
+    { start: pair.maximum, direction: pair.axis },
+  ]
+}
+
+function buildFinalWorldMatrix(
+  object: THREE.Object3D,
+  transformByObjectUuid: Map<string, TechnicalLineAnnotationObjectTransform>,
+  cache: Map<string, THREE.Matrix4>,
+): THREE.Matrix4 {
+  const cached = cache.get(object.uuid)
+  if (cached) return cached
+
+  const transform = transformByObjectUuid.get(object.uuid)
+  if (!transform) {
+    const currentWorldMatrix = object.matrixWorld.clone()
+    cache.set(object.uuid, currentWorldMatrix)
+    return currentWorldMatrix
+  }
+
+  const parentWorld = object.parent
+    ? object.parent.matrixWorld.clone()
+    : new THREE.Matrix4()
+  const localMatrix = transform
+    ? new THREE.Matrix4().compose(
+        new THREE.Vector3(...transform.position),
+        new THREE.Quaternion(...transform.rotation).normalize(),
+        object.scale,
+      )
+    : object.matrix.clone()
+  const worldMatrix = parentWorld.clone().multiply(localMatrix)
+  cache.set(object.uuid, worldMatrix)
+  return worldMatrix
+}
+
+function isWorldPointVisible(
+  point: THREE.Vector3,
+  camera: THREE.Camera,
+  meshes: THREE.Mesh[],
+  excludedObjects: THREE.Object3D[],
+  tolerance: number,
+) {
+  const projected = point.clone().project(camera)
+  if (
+    projected.x < -1 || projected.x > 1
+    || projected.y < -1 || projected.y > 1
+    || projected.z < -1 || projected.z > 1
+  ) return false
+
+  const visibleMeshes = meshes.filter((mesh) => (
+    excludedObjects.every((object) => !isDescendantOf(mesh, object))
+  ))
+  const raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster()
+  raycaster.setFromCamera(new THREE.Vector2(projected.x, projected.y), camera)
+  const targetDistance = point.clone().sub(raycaster.ray.origin).dot(raycaster.ray.direction)
+  if (targetDistance <= tolerance) return false
+  raycaster.near = 0
+  raycaster.far = targetDistance + tolerance
+  const firstHit = raycaster.intersectObjects(visibleMeshes, false)[0]
+  return !firstHit || firstHit.distance >= targetDistance - tolerance
+}
+
+export function resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths(
+  annotation: TechnicalLineCaptureAnnotation,
+  meshes: THREE.Mesh[],
+  camera?: THREE.Camera,
+) {
+  const transformByObjectUuid = new Map(
+    annotation.assembledTransforms.map((transform) => [transform.object.uuid, transform] as const),
+  )
+  const finalWorldMatrixCache = new Map<string, THREE.Matrix4>()
+  const uniqueHardwareObjects = Array.from(
+    new Map(annotation.hardwareObjects.map((object) => [object.uuid, object] as const)).values(),
+  )
+  const hardwareObjectUuids = new Set(uniqueHardwareObjects.map((object) => object.uuid))
+  const receivingObjects = annotation.assembledTransforms
+    .map((transform) => transform.object)
+    .filter((object) => !hardwareObjectUuids.has(object.uuid))
+  const receivingMeshes = meshes.filter((mesh) => (
+    uniqueHardwareObjects.every((object) => !isDescendantOf(mesh, object))
+    && receivingObjects.some((object) => isDescendantOf(mesh, object))
+  ))
+  const referenceWorldMatrixByReceivingObjectUuid = new Map(
+    receivingObjects.map((object) => [
+      object.uuid,
+      buildFinalWorldMatrix(object, transformByObjectUuid, finalWorldMatrixCache),
+    ] as const),
+  )
+  const referenceWorldMatrixByMeshUuid = new Map(
+    receivingMeshes.flatMap((mesh) => {
+      const receivingObject = receivingObjects.find((object) => isDescendantOf(mesh, object))
+      const referenceReceivingWorld = receivingObject
+        ? referenceWorldMatrixByReceivingObjectUuid.get(receivingObject.uuid)
+        : null
+      if (!receivingObject || !referenceReceivingWorld) return []
+      const meshToReceiving = receivingObject.matrixWorld.clone().invert().multiply(mesh.matrixWorld)
+      return [[mesh.uuid, referenceReceivingWorld.clone().multiply(meshToReceiving)] as const]
+    }),
+  )
+  const worldBounds = getWorldBounds(meshes)
+  const sceneDiagonal = worldBounds.isEmpty()
+    ? 1
+    : Math.max(worldBounds.getSize(new THREE.Vector3()).length(), 1e-4)
+  const rayOffset = sceneDiagonal * 1e-6
+  const minimumPathLength = sceneDiagonal * 1e-4
+  const raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster()
+  raycaster.near = rayOffset
+  raycaster.far = sceneDiagonal * 2
+
+  return uniqueHardwareObjects.flatMap((object): TechnicalLineHardwarePath[] => {
+    if (!transformByObjectUuid.has(object.uuid)) return []
+    const localBounds = getObjectLocalGeometryBounds(object, meshes)
+    if (!localBounds) return []
+    if (camera) {
+      const currentCenter = localBounds.getCenter(new THREE.Vector3())
+        .applyMatrix4(object.matrixWorld)
+      const finalCenter = localBounds.getCenter(new THREE.Vector3()).applyMatrix4(
+        buildFinalWorldMatrix(object, transformByObjectUuid, finalWorldMatrixCache),
+      )
+      const hardwareDiameter = localBounds.getSize(new THREE.Vector3()).length()
+        * object.matrixWorld.getMaxScaleOnAxis()
+      const featureSearchDistance = Math.max(hardwareDiameter * 2.5, minimumPathLength * 10)
+      const currentAxisPairs = createWorldAxisPairs(localBounds, object.matrixWorld)
+      const finalAxisPairs = createWorldAxisPairs(
+        localBounds,
+        buildFinalWorldMatrix(object, transformByObjectUuid, finalWorldMatrixCache),
+      )
+      const nearbyReceivingMeshes = receivingMeshes.filter((mesh) => {
+        if (!mesh.geometry.boundingBox) mesh.geometry.computeBoundingBox()
+        const referenceWorldMatrix = referenceWorldMatrixByMeshUuid.get(mesh.uuid)
+        if (!mesh.geometry.boundingBox || !referenceWorldMatrix) return false
+        return mesh.geometry.boundingBox.clone().applyMatrix4(referenceWorldMatrix)
+          .distanceToPoint(finalCenter) <= featureSearchDistance
+      })
+      const featureLoops = collectClosedTechnicalLineFeatureLoops(
+        nearbyReceivingMeshes,
+        referenceWorldMatrixByMeshUuid,
+      )
+      const candidateLoops = featureLoops
+        .filter((loop) => loop.diameter <= featureSearchDistance)
+        .map((loop) => ({ loop, distance: loop.referenceCenter.distanceTo(finalCenter) }))
+        .filter(({ distance }) => distance <= featureSearchDistance)
+        .sort((left, right) => left.distance - right.distance)
+
+      if (candidateLoops.length > 0) {
+        const isAlignedWithAxis = (
+          point: THREE.Vector3,
+          pairs: ReturnType<typeof createWorldAxisPairs>,
+          tolerance: number,
+        ) => pairs.some((pair) => {
+          const offset = point.clone().sub(pair.minimum)
+          return offset.addScaledVector(pair.axis, -offset.dot(pair.axis)).length() <= tolerance
+        })
+        const targetLoop = candidateLoops.find(({ loop }) => {
+          const alignmentTolerance = Math.max(loop.diameter * 0.5, minimumPathLength * 10)
+          return currentCenter.distanceTo(loop.center) >= minimumPathLength
+            && isAlignedWithAxis(loop.referenceCenter, finalAxisPairs, alignmentTolerance)
+            && isAlignedWithAxis(loop.center, currentAxisPairs, alignmentTolerance)
+            && isWorldPointVisible(
+              loop.center,
+              camera,
+              meshes,
+              uniqueHardwareObjects,
+              rayOffset,
+            )
+        })?.loop
+        if (!targetLoop) return []
+        const start = currentAxisPairs
+          .flatMap((pair) => [pair.minimum, pair.maximum])
+          .sort((left, right) => (
+            left.distanceToSquared(targetLoop.center) - right.distanceToSquared(targetLoop.center)
+          ))[0]
+        if (start && start.distanceTo(targetLoop.center) >= minimumPathLength) {
+          return [{ object, start, end: targetLoop.center }]
+        }
+        return []
+      }
+    }
+    const candidates = createAxialEndpoints(localBounds, object.matrixWorld).flatMap(
+      ({ start, direction }) => {
+        raycaster.set(start.clone().addScaledVector(direction, rayOffset), direction)
+        const hit = raycaster.intersectObjects(receivingMeshes, false)[0]
+        if (!hit || hit.distance < minimumPathLength) return []
+        return [{
+          start,
+          end: hit.point.clone(),
+          pathLength: hit.distance,
+        }]
+      },
+    )
+    candidates.sort((left, right) => left.pathLength - right.pathLength)
+    const candidate = candidates[0]
+    return candidate ? [{ object, start: candidate.start, end: candidate.end }] : []
+  })
+}
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-capture.test.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-capture.test.ts
index 6ae0e0f7..ef83633a 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-capture.test.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-capture.test.ts
@@ -46,15 +46,73 @@ describe('withTechnicalLineCaptureScene', () => {
 
   test('restores the scene when capture throws', () => {
     const { scene, root, mesh, originalMaterial } = createSceneMesh()
+    const receivingMesh = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 4, 4),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    root.add(receivingMesh)
+    mesh.position.set(2, 0, 0)
+    scene.updateMatrixWorld(true)
     expect(() => withTechnicalLineCaptureScene([root], () => {
       throw new Error('capture failed')
     }, {
       sourceCamera: createSourceCamera(),
       ...viewport,
+      annotation: {
+        activeObjects: [mesh],
+        hardwareObjects: [mesh],
+        assembledTransforms: [
+          { object: mesh, position: [0, 3, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+          { object: receivingMesh, position: [0, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+        ],
+      },
     })).toThrow('capture failed')
 
     expect(mesh.material).toBe(originalMaterial)
     expect(scene.children.some((child) => child.name === '__technical_line_capture_edge__')).toBe(false)
+    expect(scene.getObjectByName('__technical_line_capture_active_edge__')).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(scene.getObjectByName('__technical_line_capture_hardware_path__')).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test('adds red current-part edges and one blue dashed hardware path temporarily', () => {
+    const { scene, root, mesh, originalMaterial } = createSceneMesh()
+    const receivingMesh = new THREE.Mesh(
+      new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 4, 4),
+      new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial(),
+    )
+    root.add(receivingMesh)
+    mesh.position.set(3, 0, 0)
+    scene.updateMatrixWorld(true)
+
+    withTechnicalLineCaptureScene([root], () => {
+      const activeEdges = scene.getObjectByName('__technical_line_capture_active_edge__')
+      const hardwarePaths = scene.getObjectByName('__technical_line_capture_hardware_path__')
+
+      expect(activeEdges).toBeInstanceOf(THREE.LineSegments)
+      expect((activeEdges as THREE.LineSegments).material).toMatchObject({ depthTest: true })
+      expect(((activeEdges as THREE.LineSegments).material as THREE.LineBasicMaterial).color.getHex())
+        .toBe(0xd3262e)
+      expect(hardwarePaths).toBeInstanceOf(THREE.LineSegments)
+      expect((hardwarePaths as THREE.LineSegments).geometry.getAttribute('position').count).toBe(2)
+      expect((hardwarePaths as THREE.LineSegments).geometry.getAttribute('lineDistance').count).toBe(2)
+      expect(((hardwarePaths as THREE.LineSegments).material as THREE.LineDashedMaterial).color.getHex())
+        .toBe(0x1d63d8)
+    }, {
+      sourceCamera: createSourceCamera(),
+      ...viewport,
+      annotation: {
+        activeObjects: [mesh],
+        hardwareObjects: [mesh],
+        assembledTransforms: [
+          { object: mesh, position: [0, 3, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+          { object: receivingMesh, position: [0, 0, 0], rotation: [0, 0, 0, 1] },
+        ],
+      },
+    })
+
+    expect(mesh.material).toBe(originalMaterial)
+    expect(scene.getObjectByName('__technical_line_capture_active_edge__')).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(scene.getObjectByName('__technical_line_capture_hardware_path__')).toBeUndefined()
   })
 
   test('rejects scenes without usable visible geometry', () => {
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-capture.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-capture.ts
index 198208e8..e07b8743 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-capture.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-capture.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,15 @@ import * as THREE from 'three'
 import { isHighlightHelperObjectName } from './engine-highlight-resources'
 import { createTechnicalLineOrthographicCamera } from './technical-line-camera'
 import { buildMergedTechnicalLineGeometry } from './technical-line-geometry'
+import {
+  collectTechnicalLineActiveMeshes,
+  resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths,
+  type TechnicalLineCaptureAnnotation,
+} from './technical-line-annotations'
 
 const TECHNICAL_LINE_EDGE_NAME = '__technical_line_capture_edge__'
+const TECHNICAL_LINE_ACTIVE_EDGE_NAME = '__technical_line_capture_active_edge__'
+const TECHNICAL_LINE_HARDWARE_PATH_NAME = '__technical_line_capture_hardware_path__'
 
 export type TechnicalLineCaptureStyle = 'clean' | 'detail'
 
@@ -12,6 +19,7 @@ export interface TechnicalLineCaptureSceneOptions {
   viewportWidth: number
   viewportHeight: number
   style?: TechnicalLineCaptureStyle
+  annotation?: TechnicalLineCaptureAnnotation
 }
 
 interface MaterialSnapshot {
@@ -63,6 +71,24 @@ function createOcclusionMaterial() {
   })
 }
 
+function createHardwarePathGeometry(
+  paths: ReturnType<typeof resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths>,
+) {
+  const positions = paths.flatMap(({ start, end }) => [
+    start.x, start.y, start.z,
+    end.x, end.y, end.z,
+  ])
+  const geometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry()
+  geometry.setAttribute('position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute(positions, 3))
+  return geometry
+}
+
+function getSceneDiagonal(meshes: THREE.Mesh[]) {
+  const bounds = new THREE.Box3()
+  meshes.forEach((mesh) => bounds.expandByObject(mesh))
+  return bounds.isEmpty() ? 1 : Math.max(bounds.getSize(new THREE.Vector3()).length(), 1e-4)
+}
+
 export function withTechnicalLineCaptureScene<T>(
   roots: THREE.Object3D[],
   capture: (camera: THREE.Camera) => T,
@@ -110,6 +136,65 @@ export function withTechnicalLineCaptureScene<T>(
   lines.frustumCulled = false
   lines.matrixAutoUpdate = false
   lines.matrix.copy(lineParent.matrixWorld).invert()
+  const annotationObjects: THREE.Object3D[] = []
+  const annotationResources: Array<THREE.BufferGeometry | THREE.Material> = []
+
+  if (options.annotation) {
+    const activeMeshes = collectTechnicalLineActiveMeshes(
+      meshes,
+      options.annotation.activeObjects,
+    )
+    if (activeMeshes.length > 0) {
+      const activeGeometry = buildMergedTechnicalLineGeometry({
+        meshes: activeMeshes,
+        camera,
+        viewportWidth: options.viewportWidth,
+        viewportHeight: options.viewportHeight,
+        style: options.style ?? 'detail',
+      })
+      if ((activeGeometry.getAttribute('position')?.count ?? 0) > 0) {
+        const activeMaterial = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({
+          color: 0xd3262e,
+          depthTest: true,
+          depthWrite: false,
+          toneMapped: false,
+        })
+        const activeLines = new THREE.LineSegments(activeGeometry, activeMaterial)
+        activeLines.name = TECHNICAL_LINE_ACTIVE_EDGE_NAME
+        activeLines.renderOrder = 3
+        activeLines.frustumCulled = false
+        activeLines.matrixAutoUpdate = false
+        activeLines.matrix.copy(lineParent.matrixWorld).invert()
+        annotationObjects.push(activeLines)
+        annotationResources.push(activeGeometry, activeMaterial)
+      } else {
+        activeGeometry.dispose()
+      }
+    }
+
+    const hardwarePaths = resolveTechnicalLineHardwarePaths(options.annotation, meshes, camera)
+    if (hardwarePaths.length > 0) {
+      const pathGeometry = createHardwarePathGeometry(hardwarePaths)
+      const sceneDiagonal = getSceneDiagonal(meshes)
+      const pathMaterial = new THREE.LineDashedMaterial({
+        color: 0x1d63d8,
+        dashSize: sceneDiagonal * 0.012,
+        gapSize: sceneDiagonal * 0.008,
+        depthTest: false,
+        depthWrite: false,
+        toneMapped: false,
+      })
+      const pathLines = new THREE.LineSegments(pathGeometry, pathMaterial)
+      pathLines.name = TECHNICAL_LINE_HARDWARE_PATH_NAME
+      pathLines.renderOrder = 4
+      pathLines.frustumCulled = false
+      pathLines.matrixAutoUpdate = false
+      pathLines.matrix.copy(lineParent.matrixWorld).invert()
+      pathLines.computeLineDistances()
+      annotationObjects.push(pathLines)
+      annotationResources.push(pathGeometry, pathMaterial)
+    }
+  }
   const materialSnapshots: MaterialSnapshot[] = []
 
   try {
@@ -118,12 +203,15 @@ export function withTechnicalLineCaptureScene<T>(
       mesh.material = createOcclusionMaterial()
     })
     lineParent.add(lines)
+    annotationObjects.forEach((object) => lineParent.add(object))
     lineParent.updateMatrixWorld(true)
     return capture(camera)
   } finally {
     lineParent.remove(lines)
+    annotationObjects.forEach((object) => lineParent.remove(object))
     geometry.dispose()
     lineMaterial.dispose()
+    annotationResources.forEach((resource) => resource.dispose())
     materialSnapshots.forEach(({ mesh, material }) => {
       if (Array.isArray(mesh.material)) {
         mesh.material.forEach((item) => item.dispose())
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-feature-loops.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-feature-loops.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..daf53f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/3d/technical-line-feature-loops.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import * as THREE from 'three'
+
+export interface TechnicalLineFeatureLoop {
+  center: THREE.Vector3
+  referenceCenter: THREE.Vector3
+  diameter: number
+}
+
+export function collectClosedTechnicalLineFeatureLoops(
+  meshes: THREE.Mesh[],
+  referenceWorldMatrixByMeshUuid: Map<string, THREE.Matrix4>,
+) {
+  return meshes.flatMap((mesh): TechnicalLineFeatureLoop[] => {
+    if (!mesh.geometry.boundingBox) mesh.geometry.computeBoundingBox()
+    if (!mesh.geometry.boundingBox) return []
+    const localSize = mesh.geometry.boundingBox.getSize(new THREE.Vector3())
+    const weldTolerance = Math.max(localSize.length() * 1e-5, 1e-6)
+    const edgeGeometry = new THREE.EdgesGeometry(mesh.geometry, 18)
+
+    try {
+      const position = edgeGeometry.getAttribute('position')
+      if (!position || position.count < 6) return []
+      const nodes = new Map<string, { point: THREE.Vector3; neighbors: Set<string> }>()
+      const edges = new Set<string>()
+      const getKey = (point: THREE.Vector3) => [
+        Math.round(point.x / weldTolerance),
+        Math.round(point.y / weldTolerance),
+        Math.round(point.z / weldTolerance),
+      ].join(':')
+
+      for (let index = 0; index + 1 < position.count; index += 2) {
+        const start = new THREE.Vector3().fromBufferAttribute(position, index)
+        const end = new THREE.Vector3().fromBufferAttribute(position, index + 1)
+        const startKey = getKey(start)
+        const endKey = getKey(end)
+        if (startKey === endKey) continue
+        const edgeKey = startKey < endKey
+          ? `${startKey}|${endKey}`
+          : `${endKey}|${startKey}`
+        if (edges.has(edgeKey)) continue
+        edges.add(edgeKey)
+        const startNode = nodes.get(startKey) ?? { point: start, neighbors: new Set<string>() }
+        const endNode = nodes.get(endKey) ?? { point: end, neighbors: new Set<string>() }
+        startNode.neighbors.add(endKey)
+        endNode.neighbors.add(startKey)
+        nodes.set(startKey, startNode)
+        nodes.set(endKey, endNode)
+      }
+
+      const visited = new Set<string>()
+      const loops: TechnicalLineFeatureLoop[] = []
+      nodes.forEach((_node, initialKey) => {
+        if (visited.has(initialKey)) return
+        const stack = [initialKey]
+        const componentKeys: string[] = []
+        visited.add(initialKey)
+        while (stack.length > 0) {
+          const key = stack.pop()
+          if (!key) continue
+          componentKeys.push(key)
+          nodes.get(key)?.neighbors.forEach((neighborKey) => {
+            if (visited.has(neighborKey)) return
+            visited.add(neighborKey)
+            stack.push(neighborKey)
+          })
+        }
+        if (
+          componentKeys.length < 3
+          || componentKeys.some((key) => nodes.get(key)?.neighbors.size !== 2)
+        ) return
+
+        const localBounds = new THREE.Box3()
+        componentKeys.forEach((key) => {
+          const point = nodes.get(key)?.point
+          if (point) localBounds.expandByPoint(point)
+        })
+        const sortedSpans = localBounds.getSize(new THREE.Vector3()).toArray()
+          .sort((left, right) => right - left)
+        if ((sortedSpans[1] ?? 0) <= weldTolerance * 4) return
+
+        const localCenter = localBounds.getCenter(new THREE.Vector3())
+        const center = localCenter.clone().applyMatrix4(mesh.matrixWorld)
+        const referenceCenter = localCenter.clone().applyMatrix4(
+          referenceWorldMatrixByMeshUuid.get(mesh.uuid) ?? mesh.matrixWorld,
+        )
+        const worldBounds = new THREE.Box3()
+        componentKeys.forEach((key) => {
+          const point = nodes.get(key)?.point
+          if (point) worldBounds.expandByPoint(point.clone().applyMatrix4(mesh.matrixWorld))
+        })
+        loops.push({
+          center,
+          referenceCenter,
+          diameter: worldBounds.getSize(new THREE.Vector3()).length(),
+        })
+      })
+      return loops
+    } finally {
+      edgeGeometry.dispose()
+    }
+  })
+}
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/installation-demo-share-types.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/installation-demo-share-types.ts
index 95e4be78..3ab221ab 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/installation-demo-share-types.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/lib/installation-demo-share-types.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import type {
   InstallationDrawingImageMode,
 } from "@/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingCaptureTypes";
 import type { InstallationDrawingTemplateId } from "@/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingTemplates";
+import type { InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget } from "@/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingTextAnnotations";
 import type {
   InstallationDetailView,
   InstallationPartItem,
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ export interface InstallationDemoShareDrawingDocument {
   templateId: InstallationDrawingTemplateId;
   imageMode: InstallationDrawingImageMode;
   captures: InstallationDrawingCaptures;
+  textAnnotationsByTargetKey: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget;
   snapshotLineArtUrls: Record<string, string>;
   toolSnapshotLineArtUrls: Record<string, string>;
 }
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-drawing-text-annotation.service.test.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-drawing-text-annotation.service.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f29bc0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-drawing-text-annotation.service.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+jest.mock("server-only", () => ({}));
+
+jest.mock("../system-config.service", () => ({
+  systemConfigService: {
+    get: jest.fn(),
+    set: jest.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+jest.mock("./installation-demo-access.service", () => ({
+  installationDemoAccessService: {
+    getAccess: jest.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+import { systemConfigService } from "../system-config.service";
+import { installationDemoAccessService } from "./installation-demo-access.service";
+import { InstallationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationService } from "./installation-demo-drawing-text-annotation.service";
+
+const user = {
+  id: "user-1",
+  email: "user@example.com",
+  name: "Test user",
+  role: "USER" as const,
+  businessRoles: [],
+  status: "ACTIVE" as const,
+};
+
+describe("InstallationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationService", () => {
+  const mockedAccessService = jest.mocked(installationDemoAccessService);
+  const mockedConfigService = jest.mocked(systemConfigService);
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+    mockedAccessService.getAccess.mockResolvedValue({
+      canView: true,
+      canEdit: true,
+      canShare: true,
+    });
+    mockedConfigService.get.mockResolvedValue(null);
+    mockedConfigService.set.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+  });
+
+  it("returns an empty document before the first annotation is added", async () => {
+    const service = new InstallationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationService();
+    const snapshot = await service.get(user, "drawing-1");
+
+    expect(snapshot.annotationsByTargetKey).toEqual({});
+  });
+
+  it("updates one action without removing annotations from other actions", async () => {
+    mockedConfigService.get.mockResolvedValue({
+      version: 1,
+      drawingId: "drawing-1",
+      annotationsByTargetKey: {
+        "action:step-1:fixed": [
+          { id: "existing", text: "先固定底板", x: 0.3, y: 0.7, fontSize: 12 },
+        ],
+      },
+      savedAt: "2026-08-17T00:00:00.000Z",
+    });
+    const service = new InstallationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationService();
+    const snapshot = await service.updateTarget(user, {
+      drawingId: "drawing-1",
+      targetKey: "action:step-2:action-1",
+      annotations: [
+        { id: "text-2", text: "使用螺丝刀锁紧", x: 0.55, y: 0.25, fontSize: 16 },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(snapshot.annotationsByTargetKey).toEqual({
+      "action:step-1:fixed": [
+        { id: "existing", text: "先固定底板", x: 0.3, y: 0.7, fontSize: 12 },
+      ],
+      "action:step-2:action-1": [
+        { id: "text-2", text: "使用螺丝刀锁紧", x: 0.55, y: 0.25, fontSize: 16 },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(mockedConfigService.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "installation-demo-workbench:drawing-text-annotations:drawing-1",
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        annotationsByTargetKey: snapshot.annotationsByTargetKey,
+      }),
+      expect.any(String),
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-drawing-text-annotation.service.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-drawing-text-annotation.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ebd98240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-drawing-text-annotation.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import "server-only";
+
+import { AppError, ErrorCode } from "@/server/core/errors";
+import type { AuthUser } from "@/server/core/types";
+import { systemConfigService } from "../system-config.service";
+import { installationDemoAccessService } from "./installation-demo-access.service";
+import {
+  MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_ANNOTATIONS_PER_TARGET,
+  sanitizeInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations,
+  type InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation,
+  type InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget,
+} from "@/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingTextAnnotations";
+
+const CONFIG_PREFIX = "installation-demo-workbench:drawing-text-annotations:";
+const VERSION = 1;
+const MAX_TARGET_COUNT = 400;
+
+export interface InstallationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationsDTO {
+  version: number;
+  drawingId: string;
+  annotationsByTargetKey: InstallationDrawingTextAnnotationsByTarget;
+  savedAt: string;
+}
+
+function buildConfigKey(drawingId: string) {
+  return `${CONFIG_PREFIX}${drawingId}`;
+}
+
+function normalizeDrawingId(value: unknown) {
+  const drawingId = typeof value === "string" ? value.trim() : "";
+  if (!drawingId) {
+    throw new AppError(ErrorCode.VALIDATION_REQUIRED_FIELD, "缺少图纸 ID");
+  }
+  if (drawingId.length > 240) {
+    throw new AppError(ErrorCode.VALIDATION_OUT_OF_RANGE, "图纸 ID 过长");
+  }
+  return drawingId;
+}
+
+function normalizeTargetKey(value: unknown) {
+  const targetKey = typeof value === "string" ? value.trim() : "";
+  if (!targetKey) {
+    throw new AppError(ErrorCode.VALIDATION_REQUIRED_FIELD, "缺少文字标注目标");
+  }
+  if (targetKey.length > 300) {
+    throw new AppError(ErrorCode.VALIDATION_OUT_OF_RANGE, "文字标注目标过长");
+  }
+  return targetKey;
+}
+
+function normalizeMap(value: unknown) {
+  const map = sanitizeInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations(value);
+  if (Object.keys(map).length > MAX_TARGET_COUNT) {
+    throw new AppError(ErrorCode.VALIDATION_OUT_OF_RANGE, "文字标注目标数量超出上限");
+  }
+  for (const [targetKey, annotations] of Object.entries(map)) {
+    if (targetKey.length > 300 || annotations.length > MAX_INSTALLATION_DRAWING_TEXT_ANNOTATIONS_PER_TARGET) {
+      throw new AppError(ErrorCode.VALIDATION_OUT_OF_RANGE, "文字标注数量或目标无效");
+    }
+  }
+  return map;
+}
+
+function normalizeStored(value: unknown, drawingId: string): InstallationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationsDTO | null {
+  if (!value || typeof value !== "object" || Array.isArray(value)) return null;
+  const record = value as Record<string, unknown>;
+  if (record.version !== VERSION) return null;
+  const storedAnnotations = sanitizeInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations(
+    record.annotationsByTargetKey,
+  );
+  return {
+    version: VERSION,
+    drawingId,
+    annotationsByTargetKey: Object.fromEntries(
+      Object.entries(storedAnnotations).slice(0, MAX_TARGET_COUNT),
+    ),
+    savedAt: typeof record.savedAt === "string" ? record.savedAt : new Date(0).toISOString(),
+  };
+}
+
+async function assertCanView(user: AuthUser) {
+  if (!(await installationDemoAccessService.getAccess(user)).canView) {
+    throw new AppError(ErrorCode.AUTH_PERMISSION_DENIED, "没有权限查看安装图纸文字标注");
+  }
+}
+
+async function assertCanEdit(user: AuthUser) {
+  if (!(await installationDemoAccessService.getAccess(user)).canEdit) {
+    throw new AppError(ErrorCode.AUTH_PERMISSION_DENIED, "没有权限保存安装图纸文字标注");
+  }
+}
+
+export class InstallationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationService {
+  private async read(drawingId: string) {
+    return normalizeStored(
+      await systemConfigService.get<unknown>(buildConfigKey(drawingId)),
+      drawingId,
+    );
+  }
+
+  async get(user: AuthUser, rawDrawingId: unknown) {
+    await assertCanView(user);
+    const drawingId = normalizeDrawingId(rawDrawingId);
+    return (await this.read(drawingId)) ?? {
+      version: VERSION,
+      drawingId,
+      annotationsByTargetKey: {},
+      savedAt: new Date(0).toISOString(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  async updateTarget(
+    user: AuthUser,
+    input: { drawingId: unknown; targetKey: unknown; annotations: unknown },
+  ) {
+    await assertCanEdit(user);
+    const drawingId = normalizeDrawingId(input.drawingId);
+    const targetKey = normalizeTargetKey(input.targetKey);
+    const targetMap = normalizeMap({ [targetKey]: input.annotations });
+    const current = await this.read(drawingId);
+    const annotationsByTargetKey = { ...(current?.annotationsByTargetKey ?? {}) };
+    const nextAnnotations = targetMap[targetKey] ?? [];
+    if (nextAnnotations.length === 0) delete annotationsByTargetKey[targetKey];
+    else annotationsByTargetKey[targetKey] = nextAnnotations;
+    const next: InstallationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationsDTO = {
+      version: VERSION,
+      drawingId,
+      annotationsByTargetKey: normalizeMap(annotationsByTargetKey),
+      savedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+    };
+    await systemConfigService.set(
+      buildConfigKey(drawingId),
+      next,
+      `Installation drawing text annotations for ${drawingId}`,
+    );
+    return next;
+  }
+}
+
+export const installationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationService =
+  new InstallationDemoDrawingTextAnnotationService();
+
+export type { InstallationDrawingTextAnnotation };
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-share.service.test.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-share.service.test.ts
index 65236380..130c1f3c 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-share.service.test.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-share.service.test.ts
@@ -65,6 +65,17 @@ function createInput() {
         actions: [],
         inventoryTransforms: {},
       },
+      textAnnotationsByTargetKey: {
+        "action:step-1:fixed": [
+          {
+            id: "text-1",
+            text: "锁紧四颗螺丝",
+            x: 0.42,
+            y: 0.76,
+            fontSize: 14,
+          },
+        ],
+      },
       snapshotLineArtUrls: {
         part: "/api/storage/object?key=snapshots%2Fpart-line.png",
       },
@@ -118,6 +129,11 @@ describe("InstallationDemoShareService", () => {
     expect(snapshot.drawingDocument).toMatchObject({
       templateId: "set-1",
       imageMode: "original",
+      textAnnotationsByTargetKey: {
+        "action:step-1:fixed": [
+          expect.objectContaining({ text: "锁紧四颗螺丝", fontSize: 14 }),
+        ],
+      },
       snapshotLineArtUrls: {
         part: "/api/storage/object?key=snapshots%2Fpart-line.png",
       },
diff --git a/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-share.service.ts b/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-share.service.ts
index 6eef23ff..b9e88024 100644
--- a/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-share.service.ts
+++ b/furniture-3d-system/src/server/services/installation-demo/installation-demo-share.service.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import type {
   InstallationDemoShareSnapshot,
 } from "@/lib/installation-demo-share-types";
 import type { InstallationStepMaterialShareSnapshot } from "@/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationStepMaterialShareSnapshots";
+import { sanitizeInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations } from "@/app/installation-demo-workbench/lib/installationDrawingTextAnnotations";
 import { systemConfigService } from "../system-config.service";
 import { installationDemoAccessService } from "./installation-demo-access.service";
 
@@ -205,6 +206,10 @@ function normalizeDrawingDocument(
     imageMode: normalizeDrawingImageMode(value.imageMode),
     captures:
       value.captures as unknown as InstallationDemoShareDrawingDocument["captures"],
+    textAnnotationsByTargetKey:
+      sanitizeInstallationDrawingTextAnnotations(
+        value.textAnnotationsByTargetKey,
+      ),
     snapshotLineArtUrls: normalizeStringRecord(
       value.snapshotLineArtUrls,
       "部件线稿快照",