diff --git a/app/performance-survey/PerformanceSurveyDashboardNavigation.test.tsx b/app/performance-survey/PerformanceSurveyDashboardNavigation.test.tsx
index b62fcd7..779eaec 100644
--- a/app/performance-survey/PerformanceSurveyDashboardNavigation.test.tsx
+++ b/app/performance-survey/PerformanceSurveyDashboardNavigation.test.tsx
@@ -104,6 +104,16 @@ function jsonResponse(data: unknown) {
   } as unknown as Response
 }
 
+function jsonErrorResponse(error: string, status = 409) {
+  return {
+    ok: false,
+    status,
+    headers: { get: () => 'application/json' },
+    json: async () => ({ success: false, error }),
+    text: async () => '',
+  } as unknown as Response
+}
+
 describe('考核调研顶层导航保护', () => {
   const originalFetch = global.fetch
 
@@ -241,4 +251,67 @@ describe('考核调研顶层导航保护', () => {
       expect.anything(),
     ))
   })
+
+  test('我发起的草稿发布失败时展示发布进度和后端原因', async () => {
+    mockSearchParams = new URLSearchParams('tab=personal&workspace=created')
+    let resolvePublish: (response: Response) => void = () => {}
+    const publishResponse = new Promise<Response>((resolve) => {
+      resolvePublish = resolve
+    })
+    global.fetch = jest.fn(async (input, init) => {
+      const url = String(input)
+      if (url.endsWith('/me')) {
+        return jsonResponse({
+          user: { id: 'user-admin', name: '管理员', email: 'admin@example.com' },
+          employee: { id: 'employee-admin', displayName: '管理员' },
+          permissions: {
+            canCreate: true,
+            isSystemAdmin: true,
+            isDepartmentAdmin: true,
+            isLeadership: true,
+          },
+        })
+      }
+      if (url.endsWith('/surveys') && (!init?.method || init.method === 'GET')) {
+        return jsonResponse({
+          summary: {
+            pendingCount: 0,
+            submittedCount: 0,
+            createdCount: 1,
+            openCreatedCount: 0,
+          },
+          pending: [],
+          submitted: [],
+          created: [{
+            id: 'survey-draft',
+            title: '2026年7月 · AI作品评审',
+            status: 'draft',
+            departmentName: '综合支持部',
+            dueAt: null,
+            counts: { targets: 1, assignments: 3, responses: 0 },
+          }],
+        })
+      }
+      if (url.endsWith('/surveys/survey-draft') && init?.method === 'PATCH') {
+        return publishResponse
+      }
+      return jsonResponse([])
+    }) as jest.Mock
+
+    render(<PerformanceSurveyPage />)
+
+    const publishButtons = await screen.findAllByRole('button', { name: '发布调研：2026年7月 · AI作品评审' })
+    fireEvent.click(publishButtons[0])
+
+    expect(await screen.findAllByText('发布中...')).not.toHaveLength(0)
+    resolvePublish(jsonErrorResponse('视觉评分作品尚未上传完整：无邪（0/3）'))
+
+    expect(await screen.findAllByRole('alert')).not.toHaveLength(0)
+    expect(await screen.findAllByText('发布失败：视觉评分作品尚未上传完整：无邪（0/3）')).not.toHaveLength(0)
+    expect(screen.getAllByRole('link', { name: '继续上传作品' })[0]).toHaveAttribute(
+      'href',
+      '/performance-survey/survey/survey-draft',
+    )
+    expect(screen.getAllByRole('button', { name: '发布调研：2026年7月 · AI作品评审' })[0]).toBeEnabled()
+  })
 })
diff --git a/app/performance-survey/[[...path]]/page.tsx b/app/performance-survey/[[...path]]/page.tsx
index e23d249..4d96d12 100644
--- a/app/performance-survey/[[...path]]/page.tsx
+++ b/app/performance-survey/[[...path]]/page.tsx
@@ -2335,15 +2335,29 @@ function CreatedList({
   resultBackHref?: string
 }) {
   const [busyId, setBusyId] = useState<string | null>(null)
+  const [actionErrors, setActionErrors] = useState<Record<string, string>>({})
 
   const changeStatus = async (id: string, status: string) => {
+    const actionLabel = status === 'open' ? '发布' : '关闭'
     setBusyId(id)
+    setActionErrors((current) => {
+      if (!current[id]) return current
+      const next = { ...current }
+      delete next[id]
+      return next
+    })
     try {
       await apiRequest(`/surveys/${id}`, {
         method: 'PATCH',
         body: JSON.stringify({ status }),
       })
       await onRefresh()
+    } catch (error) {
+      const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : `${actionLabel}失败，请稍后重试`
+      setActionErrors((current) => ({
+        ...current,
+        [id]: `${actionLabel}失败：${message}`,
+      }))
     } finally {
       setBusyId(null)
     }
@@ -2382,6 +2396,8 @@ function CreatedList({
           const progressText = assignmentCount > 0
             ? `已提交 ${responseCount}/${assignmentCount}`
             : '尚未生成评价任务'
+          const actionError = actionErrors[item.id]
+          const needsWorkItemUpload = actionError?.includes('作品尚未上传完整')
 
           return (
             <article
@@ -2411,7 +2427,7 @@ function CreatedList({
                     aria-label={`发布调研：${item.title}`}
                     className="min-h-11 rounded border border-[#b8d0ff] bg-[#edf4ff] px-4 text-sm font-bold text-[#0050cb] focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-[#0050cb] focus-visible:ring-offset-2 disabled:opacity-50"
                   >
-                    发布
+                    {busyId === item.id ? '发布中...' : '发布'}
                   </button>
                 )}
                 {item.status !== 'closed' && item.status !== 'cancelled' && (
@@ -2422,7 +2438,7 @@ function CreatedList({
                     aria-label={`关闭调研：${item.title}`}
                     className="min-h-11 rounded border border-[#c2c6d8] bg-white px-4 text-sm font-bold text-[#1a1c1c] focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-[#0050cb] focus-visible:ring-offset-2 disabled:opacity-50"
                   >
-                    关闭
+                    {busyId === item.id ? '处理中...' : '关闭'}
                   </button>
                 )}
                 {item.canCancel && (
@@ -2446,6 +2462,22 @@ function CreatedList({
                   </Link>
                 )}
               </div>
+              {actionError && (
+                <div
+                  role="alert"
+                  className="mt-3 rounded border border-[#f0b8b8] bg-[#fff5f5] px-3 py-2 text-[13px] font-medium leading-5 text-[#b42318]"
+                >
+                  {actionError}
+                  {needsWorkItemUpload && (
+                    <Link
+                      href={`/performance-survey/survey/${item.id}`}
+                      className="ml-2 inline-flex min-h-8 items-center rounded border border-[#f0b8b8] bg-white px-2.5 font-bold text-[#b42318] underline-offset-2 hover:underline focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-[#b42318] focus-visible:ring-offset-2"
+                    >
+                      继续上传作品
+                    </Link>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+              )}
             </article>
           )
         })}
@@ -2467,6 +2499,8 @@ function CreatedList({
               const targetCount = Number(item.counts?.targets || 0)
               const assignmentCount = Number(item.counts?.assignments || 0)
               const responseCount = Number(item.counts?.responses || 0)
+              const actionError = actionErrors[item.id]
+              const needsWorkItemUpload = actionError?.includes('作品尚未上传完整')
 
               return (
                 <tr key={item.id} className="text-sm text-[#1a1c1c] hover:bg-[#fcfcfc]">
@@ -2492,7 +2526,7 @@ function CreatedList({
                           aria-label={`发布调研：${item.title}`}
                           className="min-h-9 rounded border border-[#b8d0ff] bg-[#edf4ff] px-3 text-[13px] font-bold text-[#0050cb] hover:bg-[#dae8ff] focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-[#0050cb] focus-visible:ring-offset-2 disabled:opacity-50"
                         >
-                          发布
+                          {busyId === item.id ? '发布中...' : '发布'}
                         </button>
                       )}
                       {item.status !== 'closed' && item.status !== 'cancelled' && (
@@ -2503,7 +2537,7 @@ function CreatedList({
                           aria-label={`关闭调研：${item.title}`}
                           className="min-h-9 rounded border border-[#c2c6d8] bg-white px-3 text-[13px] font-bold text-[#1a1c1c] hover:border-[#0050cb] hover:text-[#0050cb] focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-[#0050cb] focus-visible:ring-offset-2 disabled:opacity-50"
                         >
-                          关闭
+                          {busyId === item.id ? '处理中...' : '关闭'}
                         </button>
                       )}
                       {item.canCancel && (
@@ -2527,6 +2561,22 @@ function CreatedList({
                         </Link>
                       )}
                     </div>
+                    {actionError && (
+                      <div
+                        role="alert"
+                        className="mt-2 rounded border border-[#f0b8b8] bg-[#fff5f5] px-3 py-2 text-left text-[12px] font-medium leading-5 text-[#b42318]"
+                      >
+                        {actionError}
+                        {needsWorkItemUpload && (
+                          <Link
+                            href={`/performance-survey/survey/${item.id}`}
+                            className="ml-2 inline-flex min-h-8 items-center rounded border border-[#f0b8b8] bg-white px-2.5 font-bold text-[#b42318] underline-offset-2 hover:underline focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-[#b42318] focus-visible:ring-offset-2"
+                          >
+                            继续上传作品
+                          </Link>
+                        )}
+                      </div>
+                    )}
                   </td>
                 </tr>
               )