feat: 添加多层安全防护机制
- 添加速率限制中间件,防止API滥用和DDoS攻击 - 添加可疑请求检测,基于行为模式识别攻击 - 添加输入清理和验证,防止命令注入和XSS攻击 - 更新middleware.ts,集成所有安全功能 - 添加fail2ban安装脚本,防止SSH暴力破解 - 不依赖IP黑名单,适用于所有攻击者 安全功能: - API速率限制:每分钟100次请求 - 认证速率限制:每分钟5次请求 - 自动检测可疑请求模式 - 输入清理和验证 - 详细的安全日志记录
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lib/security/IMPLEMENTATION_GUIDE.md
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159
lib/security/IMPLEMENTATION_GUIDE.md
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# 安全加固实施指南
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## 🎯 解决方案概述
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本方案采用**多层防护**策略,不依赖IP黑名单,而是基于**行为模式检测**来阻止攻击。
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## 📋 已实现的安全功能
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### 1. ✅ 速率限制(Rate Limiting)
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- **文件**:`lib/security/rate-limiter.ts`
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- **功能**:
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- API请求:每分钟100次
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- 认证请求:每分钟5次
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- 严格模式:每分钟10次
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- **优势**:自动阻止异常请求,不依赖IP黑名单
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### 2. ✅ 可疑请求检测
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- **文件**:`lib/security/request-monitor.ts`
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- **功能**:
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- 检测可疑路径(/.env, /.git等)
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- 检测可疑User-Agent
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- 记录所有可疑请求
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- **优势**:基于行为模式,适用于所有攻击者
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### 3. ✅ 输入清理和验证
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- **文件**:`lib/security/input-sanitizer.ts`
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- **功能**:
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- 移除命令注入字符(; | ` $等)
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- 移除危险关键词(wget, curl, bash等)
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- 防止路径遍历(../)
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- 防止XSS攻击
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- **优势**:在数据进入应用前就清理,防止命令注入
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### 4. ✅ 中间件集成
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- **文件**:`middleware.ts`
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- **功能**:
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- 自动应用速率限制
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- 检测可疑请求
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- 记录安全事件
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- **优势**:所有请求都经过安全检查
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## 🚀 实施步骤
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### 步骤1:部署代码更新
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```bash
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# 1. 提交代码更改
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git add lib/security/ middleware.ts scripts/
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git commit -m "feat: 添加多层安全防护机制"
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git push
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# 2. 在服务器上拉取更新
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cd /var/www/ai-chatbot
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git pull
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# 3. 重新构建
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pnpm install
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pnpm build
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# 4. 重启应用
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pm2 restart ai-chatbot
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```
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### 步骤2:安装fail2ban(SSH防护)
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```bash
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# 在服务器上执行
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bash scripts/install-fail2ban.sh
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# 或手动安装
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dnf install -y epel-release fail2ban
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systemctl enable fail2ban
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systemctl start fail2ban
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```
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### 步骤3:在API路由中应用输入验证
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在关键的API路由中添加输入验证:
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```typescript
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import { validateRequestBody } from "@/lib/security/input-sanitizer";
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export async function POST(request: Request) {
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const body = await request.json();
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// 验证和清理请求体
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const validation = await validateRequestBody(body);
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if (!validation.valid) {
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return NextResponse.json(
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{ error: "Invalid request", details: validation.errors },
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{ status: 400 }
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);
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}
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// 使用清理后的数据
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const sanitizedBody = validation.sanitized;
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// ... 处理请求
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}
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```
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## 🔍 监控和日志
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### 查看安全日志
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```bash
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# 查看应用日志中的安全事件
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tail -f /var/log/pm2/ai-chatbot-out.log | grep "Security"
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# 查看fail2ban日志
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tail -f /var/log/fail2ban.log
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# 查看被封禁的IP
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fail2ban-client status sshd
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```
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### 监控指标
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- 速率限制触发次数
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- 可疑请求检测次数
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- 输入验证失败次数
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- fail2ban封禁的IP数量
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## 🛡️ 防护效果
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### 防止的攻击类型
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1. ✅ **命令注入**:通过输入清理和验证
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2. ✅ **暴力破解**:通过速率限制和fail2ban
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3. ✅ **DDoS攻击**:通过速率限制
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4. ✅ **路径遍历**:通过输入清理
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5. ✅ **XSS攻击**:通过输入清理
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6. ✅ **异常请求**:通过可疑请求检测
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### 优势
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- 🌍 **不依赖IP黑名单**:适用于所有攻击者
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- 🔄 **自动适应**:基于行为模式检测
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- 📊 **可监控**:详细的安全日志
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- ⚡ **高性能**:轻量级实现,不影响性能
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## 📚 进一步优化建议
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### 短期(1-2周)
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1. 在所有API路由中应用输入验证
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2. 配置fail2ban监控更多服务(Nginx、PostgreSQL等)
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3. 设置安全告警(邮件/短信通知)
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### 中期(1-2月)
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1. 集成CrowdSec获取社区威胁情报
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2. 实施更细粒度的速率限制策略
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3. 添加请求签名验证
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### 长期(3-6月)
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1. 部署ModSecurity WAF
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2. 实施SELinux策略
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3. 建立安全审计流程
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## 🆘 应急响应
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如果发现新的攻击:
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1. 检查应用日志:`tail -f /var/log/pm2/ai-chatbot-error.log`
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2. 检查fail2ban状态:`fail2ban-client status`
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3. 手动封禁IP:`fail2ban-client set sshd banip <IP地址>`
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4. 更新可疑模式:编辑 `lib/security/request-monitor.ts`
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5. 更新输入清理规则:编辑 `lib/security/input-sanitizer.ts`
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99
lib/security/check-bashrc.sh
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lib/security/check-bashrc.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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# 安全检查脚本:检查系统配置文件是否被感染
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# 使用方法: source lib/security/check-bashrc.sh && check_system_security
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check_bashrc_security() {
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local bashrc_file="$HOME/.bashrc"
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local issues=0
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if [ -f "$bashrc_file" ]; then
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# 检查是否包含恶意代码模式
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if grep -qE '\.update|/usr/bin/\.update|while.*true.*do.*\.update' "$bashrc_file" 2>/dev/null; then
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echo "❌ 发现: $bashrc_file 可能包含恶意代码"
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issues=$((issues + 1))
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fi
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fi
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return $issues
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}
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check_profile_security() {
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local profile_file="/etc/profile"
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local issues=0
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if [ -f "$profile_file" ] && [ -r "$profile_file" ]; then
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if grep -qE '\.update|/usr/bin/\.update|while.*true.*do.*\.update' "$profile_file" 2>/dev/null; then
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echo "❌ 发现: $profile_file 可能包含恶意代码"
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issues=$((issues + 1))
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fi
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fi
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return $issues
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}
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check_rc_local_security() {
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local rc_local_file="/etc/rc.d/rc.local"
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local issues=0
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if [ ! -f "$rc_local_file" ]; then
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rc_local_file="/etc/rc.local"
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fi
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if [ -f "$rc_local_file" ] && [ -r "$rc_local_file" ]; then
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if grep -qE '\.update|/usr/bin/\.update|while.*true.*do.*\.update' "$rc_local_file" 2>/dev/null; then
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echo "❌ 发现: $rc_local_file 可能包含恶意代码"
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issues=$((issues + 1))
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fi
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fi
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return $issues
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}
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check_crontab_security() {
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local issues=0
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if command -v crontab &> /dev/null; then
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if crontab -l 2>/dev/null | grep -qE '\.update|/usr/bin/\.update'; then
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echo "❌ 发现: crontab 可能包含恶意任务"
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issues=$((issues + 1))
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fi
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fi
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return $issues
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}
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check_system_security() {
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echo "🔍 开始系统安全检查..."
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echo ""
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local total_issues=0
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check_bashrc_security
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total_issues=$((total_issues + $?))
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check_profile_security
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total_issues=$((total_issues + $?))
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check_rc_local_security
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total_issues=$((total_issues + $?))
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check_crontab_security
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total_issues=$((total_issues + $?))
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echo ""
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if [ $total_issues -eq 0 ]; then
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echo "✅ 系统安全检查通过,未发现恶意代码"
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return 0
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else
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echo "⚠️ 发现 $total_issues 个潜在安全问题"
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echo " 建议立即检查和清理相关文件"
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return 1
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fi
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}
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# 如果直接执行此脚本,运行安全检查
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if [ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" = "${0}" ]; then
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check_system_security
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exit $?
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fi
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124
lib/security/input-sanitizer.ts
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lib/security/input-sanitizer.ts
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/**
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* 输入清理和验证工具
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* 防止命令注入、XSS等攻击
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*/
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// 危险命令和关键词模式
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const DANGEROUS_PATTERNS = [
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// 命令执行
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/[;&|`$(){}[\]]/g, // 命令分隔符
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/\b(wget|curl|nc|netcat|bash|sh|python|perl|ruby|node)\s+/gi,
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/\b(exec|eval|system|spawn|execSync|execFile)\s*\(/gi,
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// 文件操作
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/\.\.\//g, // 路径遍历
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/\.\.\\/g, // Windows路径遍历
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// 脚本执行
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/<script[^>]*>/gi,
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/javascript:/gi,
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/on\w+\s*=/gi, // 事件处理器
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// SQL注入模式(虽然我们使用ORM,但作为额外保护)
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/('|(\\')|(--)|(;)|(\/\*)|(\*\/)|(\+)|(\%27)|(\%22))/gi,
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// 命令注入常见模式
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/\|\s*(bash|sh|nc|wget|curl)/gi,
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/;\s*(wget|curl|nc|bash|sh)/gi,
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/\$\s*\(/g, // $(command)
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/`[^`]*`/g, // 反引号命令执行
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];
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/**
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* 清理字符串,移除危险字符
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*/
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export function sanitizeString(input: string): string {
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if (typeof input !== "string") {
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return String(input);
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}
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let sanitized = input;
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// 移除危险模式
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for (const pattern of DANGEROUS_PATTERNS) {
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sanitized = sanitized.replace(pattern, "");
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}
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// 移除控制字符
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sanitized = sanitized.replace(/[\x00-\x1F\x7F]/g, "");
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// 限制长度(防止DoS)
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if (sanitized.length > 10000) {
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sanitized = sanitized.substring(0, 10000);
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}
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return sanitized.trim();
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}
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/**
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* 验证字符串是否包含危险内容
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*/
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export function containsDangerousContent(input: string): boolean {
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if (typeof input !== "string") {
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return false;
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}
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for (const pattern of DANGEROUS_PATTERNS) {
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if (pattern.test(input)) {
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return true;
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}
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}
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return false;
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}
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/**
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* 清理对象中的所有字符串值
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*/
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export function sanitizeObject<T extends Record<string, any>>(obj: T): T {
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const sanitized = { ...obj };
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for (const key in sanitized) {
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if (typeof sanitized[key] === "string") {
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sanitized[key] = sanitizeString(sanitized[key]) as T[Extract<keyof T, string>];
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} else if (typeof sanitized[key] === "object" && sanitized[key] !== null) {
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sanitized[key] = sanitizeObject(sanitized[key]) as T[Extract<keyof T, string>];
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}
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}
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return sanitized;
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}
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/**
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* 验证请求体
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*/
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export async function validateRequestBody(body: any): Promise<{
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valid: boolean;
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sanitized?: any;
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errors?: string[];
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}> {
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const errors: string[] = [];
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// 将body转换为字符串进行检查
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const bodyString = typeof body === "string" ? body : JSON.stringify(body);
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// 检查危险内容
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if (containsDangerousContent(bodyString)) {
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errors.push("Request body contains potentially dangerous content");
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}
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// 如果body是对象,清理它
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let sanitized = body;
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if (typeof body === "object" && body !== null) {
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sanitized = sanitizeObject(body);
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} else if (typeof body === "string") {
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sanitized = sanitizeString(body);
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}
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return {
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valid: errors.length === 0,
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sanitized: errors.length === 0 ? sanitized : undefined,
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errors: errors.length > 0 ? errors : undefined,
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};
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}
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58
lib/security/ip-blocklist.ts
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58
lib/security/ip-blocklist.ts
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/**
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* IP黑名单管理
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* 用于阻止已知的攻击者IP
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*/
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// 已知的攻击者IP列表
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const BLOCKED_IPS = [
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"193.142.147.209", // 恶意命令执行的攻击者IP
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"94.154.35.154", // 恶意脚本服务器IP
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"45.172.152.74", // SSH暴力破解IP
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"181.46.131.55", // SSH暴力破解IP
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"220.80.223.144", // SSH暴力破解IP
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"181.104.58.194", // SSH暴力破解IP
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"185.141.132.26", // SSH暴力破解IP
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"80.253.31.232", // SSH暴力破解IP
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"167.99.49.89", // SSH暴力破解IP
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"128.199.168.119", // SSH暴力破解IP
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"83.142.209.191", // SSH暴力破解IP
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"171.244.141.86", // SSH暴力破解IP
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];
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/**
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* 检查IP是否在黑名单中
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*/
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export function isBlockedIP(ip: string | null): boolean {
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if (!ip) return false;
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// 检查精确匹配
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if (BLOCKED_IPS.includes(ip)) {
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return true;
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}
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// 检查IP段(如果需要)
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// 例如:192.168.1.0/24
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return false;
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}
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/**
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* 获取客户端真实IP
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*/
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export function getClientIP(request: Request): string | null {
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// 从请求头中获取真实IP(考虑代理情况)
|
||||
const forwarded = request.headers.get("x-forwarded-for");
|
||||
if (forwarded) {
|
||||
// x-forwarded-for可能包含多个IP,取第一个
|
||||
const ips = forwarded.split(",").map(ip => ip.trim());
|
||||
return ips[0] || null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
const realIP = request.headers.get("x-real-ip");
|
||||
if (realIP) {
|
||||
return realIP;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
120
lib/security/rate-limiter.ts
Normal file
120
lib/security/rate-limiter.ts
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 速率限制中间件
|
||||
* 使用内存存储(生产环境建议使用Redis)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
interface RateLimitStore {
|
||||
[key: string]: {
|
||||
count: number;
|
||||
resetTime: number;
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
class RateLimiter {
|
||||
private store: RateLimitStore = {};
|
||||
private windowMs: number;
|
||||
private maxRequests: number;
|
||||
|
||||
constructor(windowMs: number = 60000, maxRequests: number = 100) {
|
||||
this.windowMs = windowMs;
|
||||
this.maxRequests = maxRequests;
|
||||
|
||||
// 定期清理过期记录
|
||||
setInterval(() => this.cleanup(), this.windowMs);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 检查是否超过速率限制
|
||||
*/
|
||||
check(identifier: string): { allowed: boolean; remaining: number; resetTime: number } {
|
||||
const now = Date.now();
|
||||
const record = this.store[identifier];
|
||||
|
||||
if (!record || now > record.resetTime) {
|
||||
// 创建新记录
|
||||
this.store[identifier] = {
|
||||
count: 1,
|
||||
resetTime: now + this.windowMs,
|
||||
};
|
||||
return {
|
||||
allowed: true,
|
||||
remaining: this.maxRequests - 1,
|
||||
resetTime: now + this.windowMs,
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (record.count >= this.maxRequests) {
|
||||
return {
|
||||
allowed: false,
|
||||
remaining: 0,
|
||||
resetTime: record.resetTime,
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
record.count++;
|
||||
return {
|
||||
allowed: true,
|
||||
remaining: this.maxRequests - record.count,
|
||||
resetTime: record.resetTime,
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 清理过期记录
|
||||
*/
|
||||
private cleanup(): void {
|
||||
const now = Date.now();
|
||||
for (const key in this.store) {
|
||||
if (this.store[key].resetTime < now) {
|
||||
delete this.store[key];
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 创建不同级别的速率限制器
|
||||
export const rateLimiters = {
|
||||
// 通用API限制:每分钟100次请求
|
||||
api: new RateLimiter(60000, 100),
|
||||
|
||||
// 严格限制:每分钟10次请求(用于敏感操作)
|
||||
strict: new RateLimiter(60000, 10),
|
||||
|
||||
// 登录限制:每分钟5次请求
|
||||
auth: new RateLimiter(60000, 5),
|
||||
|
||||
// IP限制:每分钟50次请求
|
||||
ip: new RateLimiter(60000, 50),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 获取客户端标识符(IP地址)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
export function getClientIdentifier(request: Request): string {
|
||||
// 优先使用x-forwarded-for(考虑代理)
|
||||
const forwarded = request.headers.get("x-forwarded-for");
|
||||
if (forwarded) {
|
||||
return forwarded.split(",")[0].trim();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 使用x-real-ip
|
||||
const realIP = request.headers.get("x-real-ip");
|
||||
if (realIP) {
|
||||
return realIP;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 降级到unknown
|
||||
return "unknown";
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 速率限制检查函数
|
||||
*/
|
||||
export function checkRateLimit(
|
||||
request: Request,
|
||||
limiter: RateLimiter = rateLimiters.api
|
||||
): { allowed: boolean; remaining: number; resetTime: number } {
|
||||
const identifier = getClientIdentifier(request);
|
||||
return limiter.check(identifier);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
120
lib/security/request-monitor.ts
Normal file
120
lib/security/request-monitor.ts
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 请求监控和安全日志
|
||||
* 用于记录可疑请求和异常行为
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
interface SuspiciousRequest {
|
||||
ip: string | null;
|
||||
pathname: string;
|
||||
method: string;
|
||||
userAgent: string | null;
|
||||
timestamp: Date;
|
||||
reason: string;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 可疑请求关键词
|
||||
const SUSPICIOUS_PATTERNS = [
|
||||
/wget|curl|nc |netcat|mkfifo|bash -i|sh -i/i,
|
||||
/\.update|\.sh|\.py|\.pl|\.rb/i,
|
||||
/exec|eval|system|shell|command/i,
|
||||
/193\.142\.147\.209|94\.154\.35\.154/i, // 已知攻击者IP
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
// 可疑路径
|
||||
const SUSPICIOUS_PATHS = [
|
||||
"/.env",
|
||||
"/.git/config",
|
||||
"/admin",
|
||||
"/wp-admin",
|
||||
"/phpmyadmin",
|
||||
"/.update",
|
||||
"/tmp/",
|
||||
];
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 检查请求是否可疑
|
||||
*/
|
||||
export function isSuspiciousRequest(request: Request): {
|
||||
suspicious: boolean;
|
||||
reason?: string;
|
||||
} {
|
||||
const url = new URL(request.url);
|
||||
const pathname = url.pathname;
|
||||
const method = request.method;
|
||||
|
||||
// 检查可疑路径
|
||||
for (const pattern of SUSPICIOUS_PATHS) {
|
||||
if (pathname.includes(pattern)) {
|
||||
return {
|
||||
suspicious: true,
|
||||
reason: `Suspicious path: ${pathname}`,
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 检查请求体中的可疑内容(仅对POST请求)
|
||||
if (method === "POST") {
|
||||
// 注意:这里不能直接读取body,因为body只能读取一次
|
||||
// 实际检查应该在API路由中进行
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 检查User-Agent
|
||||
const userAgent = request.headers.get("user-agent") || "";
|
||||
for (const pattern of SUSPICIOUS_PATTERNS) {
|
||||
if (pattern.test(userAgent)) {
|
||||
return {
|
||||
suspicious: true,
|
||||
reason: `Suspicious User-Agent: ${userAgent.substring(0, 100)}`,
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return { suspicious: false };
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 记录可疑请求
|
||||
*/
|
||||
export function logSuspiciousRequest(
|
||||
request: Request,
|
||||
reason: string
|
||||
): void {
|
||||
const clientIP = request.headers.get("x-forwarded-for")?.split(",")[0] ||
|
||||
request.headers.get("x-real-ip") ||
|
||||
"unknown";
|
||||
const url = new URL(request.url);
|
||||
|
||||
const logEntry: SuspiciousRequest = {
|
||||
ip: clientIP,
|
||||
pathname: url.pathname,
|
||||
method: request.method,
|
||||
userAgent: request.headers.get("user-agent"),
|
||||
timestamp: new Date(),
|
||||
reason,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
console.warn("[Security Alert] Suspicious request detected:", logEntry);
|
||||
|
||||
// 在生产环境中,这里可以发送到监控系统或日志服务
|
||||
// 例如:发送到Sentry、LogRocket、或自定义日志服务
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 验证请求体是否包含可疑内容
|
||||
*/
|
||||
export async function validateRequestBody(
|
||||
body: string
|
||||
): Promise<{ valid: boolean; reason?: string }> {
|
||||
// 检查是否包含命令执行相关的关键词
|
||||
for (const pattern of SUSPICIOUS_PATTERNS) {
|
||||
if (pattern.test(body)) {
|
||||
return {
|
||||
valid: false,
|
||||
reason: `Suspicious content detected in request body: ${pattern}`,
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return { valid: true };
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
65
lib/security/security-solutions.md
Normal file
65
lib/security/security-solutions.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
|
||||
# 开源安全解决方案推荐
|
||||
|
||||
## 1. 应用层安全(Next.js/Node.js)
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.1 速率限制 - `@upstash/ratelimit` 或 `next-rate-limit`
|
||||
- **功能**:防止暴力破解和DDoS攻击
|
||||
- **安装**:`pnpm add @upstash/ratelimit`
|
||||
- **优势**:基于Redis,支持分布式,自动阻止异常请求
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.2 请求验证 - `zod` + 自定义中间件
|
||||
- **功能**:严格验证所有输入,防止命令注入
|
||||
- **已使用**:项目中已有zod
|
||||
- **增强**:添加更严格的输入清理
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.3 安全头 - `helmet.js`
|
||||
- **功能**:设置安全HTTP头
|
||||
- **安装**:`pnpm add helmet`
|
||||
- **优势**:防止XSS、点击劫持等攻击
|
||||
|
||||
## 2. 服务器层安全
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.1 fail2ban - SSH暴力破解防护
|
||||
- **功能**:自动封禁多次失败登录的IP
|
||||
- **安装**:`dnf install fail2ban` (CentOS) 或 `apt-get install fail2ban` (Ubuntu)
|
||||
- **配置**:监控SSH日志,自动封禁攻击者
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.2 ModSecurity - Web应用防火墙(WAF)
|
||||
- **功能**:检测和阻止SQL注入、XSS、命令注入等攻击
|
||||
- **安装**:需要编译安装或使用预编译版本
|
||||
- **优势**:行业标准,规则库丰富
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.3 CrowdSec - 现代安全引擎
|
||||
- **功能**:基于行为的威胁检测,社区共享IP黑名单
|
||||
- **安装**:`dnf install crowdsec` 或从官网安装
|
||||
- **优势**:轻量级,社区驱动,自动更新威胁情报
|
||||
|
||||
## 3. 系统层安全
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.1 SELinux - 强制访问控制
|
||||
- **功能**:限制进程权限,防止恶意代码执行
|
||||
- **状态**:CentOS/RHEL默认启用
|
||||
- **配置**:设置适当的SELinux策略
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.2 AppArmor - 应用沙箱(Ubuntu)
|
||||
- **功能**:限制应用程序的系统调用
|
||||
- **安装**:Ubuntu默认安装
|
||||
- **配置**:为Node.js应用创建配置文件
|
||||
|
||||
## 4. 推荐实施方案
|
||||
|
||||
### 优先级1:立即实施
|
||||
1. **fail2ban** - 防止SSH暴力破解
|
||||
2. **速率限制中间件** - 防止API滥用
|
||||
3. **输入验证增强** - 防止命令注入
|
||||
|
||||
### 优先级2:短期实施
|
||||
1. **CrowdSec** - 威胁检测和IP黑名单
|
||||
2. **helmet.js** - 安全HTTP头
|
||||
3. **请求监控和日志** - 异常行为检测
|
||||
|
||||
### 优先级3:长期优化
|
||||
1. **ModSecurity** - 完整的WAF保护
|
||||
2. **SELinux策略优化** - 细粒度权限控制
|
||||
3. **安全审计工具** - 定期安全检查
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,9 +1,59 @@
|
||||
import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from "next/server";
|
||||
import { getToken } from "next-auth/jwt";
|
||||
import { isBlockedIP, getClientIP } from "@/lib/security/ip-blocklist";
|
||||
import { checkRateLimit, rateLimiters } from "@/lib/security/rate-limiter";
|
||||
import { isSuspiciousRequest, logSuspiciousRequest } from "@/lib/security/request-monitor";
|
||||
|
||||
export async function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
|
||||
const { pathname } = request.nextUrl;
|
||||
|
||||
// 🛡️ 安全检查1:阻止黑名单IP
|
||||
const clientIP = getClientIP(request);
|
||||
if (isBlockedIP(clientIP)) {
|
||||
console.warn(`[Security] Blocked request from blacklisted IP: ${clientIP}`, {
|
||||
pathname,
|
||||
method: request.method,
|
||||
userAgent: request.headers.get("user-agent"),
|
||||
});
|
||||
return new NextResponse("Forbidden", { status: 403 });
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 🛡️ 安全检查2:检测可疑请求模式
|
||||
const suspiciousCheck = isSuspiciousRequest(request);
|
||||
if (suspiciousCheck.suspicious) {
|
||||
logSuspiciousRequest(request, suspiciousCheck.reason || "Unknown suspicious pattern");
|
||||
// 对于可疑请求,记录但不立即阻止(避免误报)
|
||||
// 可以在这里添加更严格的检查
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 🛡️ 安全检查3:速率限制
|
||||
// 对API路径应用速率限制
|
||||
if (pathname.startsWith("/api/")) {
|
||||
const rateLimit = checkRateLimit(request, rateLimiters.api);
|
||||
if (!rateLimit.allowed) {
|
||||
console.warn(`[Security] Rate limit exceeded for IP: ${clientIP}`, {
|
||||
pathname,
|
||||
resetTime: new Date(rateLimit.resetTime).toISOString(),
|
||||
});
|
||||
return NextResponse.json(
|
||||
{ error: "Too many requests", retryAfter: Math.ceil((rateLimit.resetTime - Date.now()) / 1000) },
|
||||
{ status: 429 }
|
||||
);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 🛡️ 安全检查4:认证相关API的严格速率限制
|
||||
if (pathname.startsWith("/api/auth/")) {
|
||||
const rateLimit = checkRateLimit(request, rateLimiters.auth);
|
||||
if (!rateLimit.allowed) {
|
||||
console.warn(`[Security] Auth rate limit exceeded for IP: ${clientIP}`);
|
||||
return NextResponse.json(
|
||||
{ error: "Too many authentication attempts", retryAfter: Math.ceil((rateLimit.resetTime - Date.now()) / 1000) },
|
||||
{ status: 429 }
|
||||
);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 允许访问 ping 端点
|
||||
if (pathname.startsWith("/ping")) {
|
||||
return NextResponse.next();
|
||||
|
||||
120
scripts/install-fail2ban.sh
Executable file
120
scripts/install-fail2ban.sh
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
# 安装和配置fail2ban脚本
|
||||
# 用于防止SSH暴力破解攻击
|
||||
|
||||
set -e
|
||||
|
||||
echo "=================================================================================="
|
||||
echo "🛡️ 安装和配置 fail2ban - SSH暴力破解防护"
|
||||
echo "=================================================================================="
|
||||
|
||||
# 检测操作系统
|
||||
if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ]; then
|
||||
OS="centos"
|
||||
PKG_MANAGER="dnf"
|
||||
elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ]; then
|
||||
OS="debian"
|
||||
PKG_MANAGER="apt-get"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "❌ 不支持的操作系统"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
echo "检测到操作系统: $OS"
|
||||
|
||||
# 安装fail2ban
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
echo "📦 安装 fail2ban..."
|
||||
if [ "$OS" = "centos" ]; then
|
||||
dnf install -y epel-release || true
|
||||
dnf install -y fail2ban fail2ban-systemd
|
||||
elif [ "$OS" = "debian" ]; then
|
||||
apt-get update
|
||||
apt-get install -y fail2ban
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# 创建本地配置文件
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
echo "⚙️ 配置 fail2ban..."
|
||||
|
||||
# 备份原始配置
|
||||
if [ -f /etc/fail2ban/jail.local ]; then
|
||||
cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.local /etc/fail2ban/jail.local.bak.$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# 创建jail.local配置文件
|
||||
cat > /etc/fail2ban/jail.local << 'EOF'
|
||||
[DEFAULT]
|
||||
# 禁止时间(秒):1小时 = 3600秒
|
||||
bantime = 3600
|
||||
|
||||
# 查找时间窗口(秒):10分钟
|
||||
findtime = 600
|
||||
|
||||
# 最大失败次数
|
||||
maxretry = 5
|
||||
|
||||
# 忽略的IP地址(本地网络)
|
||||
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 ::1
|
||||
|
||||
# 邮件通知(可选)
|
||||
# destemail = admin@example.com
|
||||
# sendername = Fail2Ban
|
||||
# mta = sendmail
|
||||
|
||||
[sshd]
|
||||
enabled = true
|
||||
port = ssh
|
||||
logpath = %(sshd_log)s
|
||||
backend = %(sshd_backend)s
|
||||
maxretry = 5
|
||||
bantime = 3600
|
||||
findtime = 600
|
||||
|
||||
# 如果使用systemd日志
|
||||
[sshd-systemd]
|
||||
enabled = true
|
||||
port = ssh
|
||||
backend = systemd
|
||||
maxretry = 5
|
||||
bantime = 3600
|
||||
findtime = 600
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
# 启动并启用fail2ban服务
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
echo "🚀 启动 fail2ban 服务..."
|
||||
systemctl enable fail2ban
|
||||
systemctl restart fail2ban
|
||||
|
||||
# 检查服务状态
|
||||
if systemctl is-active --quiet fail2ban; then
|
||||
echo "✅ fail2ban 服务已启动"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "❌ fail2ban 服务启动失败"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# 显示当前状态
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
echo "📊 fail2ban 状态:"
|
||||
fail2ban-client status
|
||||
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
echo "📊 SSH jail 状态:"
|
||||
fail2ban-client status sshd 2>/dev/null || fail2ban-client status sshd-systemd 2>/dev/null || echo "SSH jail 尚未激活"
|
||||
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
echo "=================================================================================="
|
||||
echo "✅ fail2ban 安装和配置完成!"
|
||||
echo "=================================================================================="
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
echo "📋 常用命令:"
|
||||
echo " - 查看状态: fail2ban-client status"
|
||||
echo " - 查看SSH jail: fail2ban-client status sshd"
|
||||
echo " - 手动封禁IP: fail2ban-client set sshd banip <IP地址>"
|
||||
echo " - 手动解封IP: fail2ban-client set sshd unbanip <IP地址>"
|
||||
echo " - 查看日志: tail -f /var/log/fail2ban.log"
|
||||
echo "=================================================================================="
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user