diff --git a/components/canvas/world3d/World3DViewer.tsx b/components/canvas/world3d/World3DViewer.tsx
index f22d4b423..b9f90295d 100644
--- a/components/canvas/world3d/World3DViewer.tsx
+++ b/components/canvas/world3d/World3DViewer.tsx
@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ const SPARK_MINIMAL_FRAME_LOD_SPLAT_SCALE = 0.82;
 const SPARK_MINIMAL_FRAME_LOD_RENDER_SCALE = 1.6;
 const SPARK_MIN_SORT_INTERVAL_MS = 24;
 const SPARK_MINIMAL_FRAME_SORT_INTERVAL_MS = 40;
+const SPARK_SPLAT_LOAD_TIMEOUT_MS = 45_000;
 
 const KEY_TO_MOVEMENT: Partial<Record<string, MovementCommand>> = {
   KeyW: "forward",
@@ -507,12 +508,14 @@ function WorldEmptyState({
   description,
   fillFrame = false,
   previewImageUrl,
+  loading = true,
 }: {
   icon: React.ComponentType<{ className?: string }>;
   title: string;
   description: string;
   fillFrame?: boolean;
   previewImageUrl?: string | null;
+  loading?: boolean;
 }) {
   if (previewImageUrl && fillFrame) {
     return (
@@ -523,7 +526,13 @@ function WorldEmptyState({
           src={previewImageUrl}
         />
         <div className="absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center bg-black/10">
-          <Loader2 className="h-7 w-7 animate-spin text-white/55 drop-shadow" />
+          {loading ? (
+            <Loader2 className="h-7 w-7 animate-spin text-white/55 drop-shadow" />
+          ) : (
+            <div className="flex h-9 w-9 items-center justify-center rounded-full border border-white/15 bg-black/55 text-white/80 shadow-lg backdrop-blur-sm">
+              <Icon className="h-4 w-4" />
+            </div>
+          )}
         </div>
       </div>
     );
@@ -549,7 +558,13 @@ function WorldEmptyState({
             src={previewImageUrl}
           />
           <div className="absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center bg-black/30 backdrop-blur-[1px]">
-            <Loader2 className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin text-white/40" />
+            {loading ? (
+              <Loader2 className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin text-white/40" />
+            ) : (
+              <div className="flex h-12 w-12 items-center justify-center rounded-2xl border border-white/10 bg-black/55 text-white/80 shadow-xl">
+                <Icon className="h-5 w-5" />
+              </div>
+            )}
           </div>
         </div>
       ) : (
@@ -1173,40 +1188,63 @@ function WorldSplatScene({
     let cancelled = false;
     let idleCallbackId: number | null = null;
     let timeoutId: ReturnType<typeof globalThis.setTimeout> | null = null;
+    const loadTimeoutId = globalThis.setTimeout(() => {
+      if (cancelled) return;
+      onLoadStateChange?.("error");
+    }, SPARK_SPLAT_LOAD_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+    const markReady = () => {
+      if (cancelled || hasAppliedInitialViewRef.current) return;
+      try {
+        lastCameraPoseRef.current = positionCameraInsideWorld({
+          camera,
+          controls: orbitControlsRef.current,
+          firstPerson,
+          groundPlaneOffset,
+          splatMesh,
+        });
+      } catch (error) {
+        console.warn("[WorldSplatScene] Failed to position camera for SPZ", error);
+        lastCameraPoseRef.current = null;
+      }
+
+      hasAppliedInitialViewRef.current = true;
+      onLoadStateChange?.("ready");
+
+      const buildParticleCloud = () => {
+        if (cancelled || revealPhaseRef.current === "hidden") return;
+        try {
+          setParticleCloudData(buildSplatParticleCloudData(splatMesh));
+        } catch (error) {
+          console.warn("[WorldSplatScene] Failed to build SPZ particle cloud", error);
+        }
+      };
+
+      if ("requestIdleCallback" in window) {
+        idleCallbackId = window.requestIdleCallback(buildParticleCloud, {
+          timeout: 250,
+        });
+      } else {
+        timeoutId = globalThis.setTimeout(buildParticleCloud, 160);
+      }
+    };
+
     splatMesh.initialized
       .then(() => {
         if (cancelled) return;
-        window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-          if (cancelled || hasAppliedInitialViewRef.current) return;
-          lastCameraPoseRef.current = positionCameraInsideWorld({
-            camera,
-            controls: orbitControlsRef.current,
-            firstPerson,
-            groundPlaneOffset,
-            splatMesh,
-          });
-          hasAppliedInitialViewRef.current = true;
-          onLoadStateChange?.("ready");
-
-          const buildParticleCloud = () => {
-            if (cancelled || revealPhaseRef.current === "hidden") return;
-            setParticleCloudData(buildSplatParticleCloudData(splatMesh));
-          };
-
-          if ("requestIdleCallback" in window) {
-            idleCallbackId = window.requestIdleCallback(buildParticleCloud, {
-              timeout: 250,
-            });
-          } else {
-            timeoutId = globalThis.setTimeout(buildParticleCloud, 160);
-          }
-        });
+        globalThis.clearTimeout(loadTimeoutId);
+        window.requestAnimationFrame(markReady);
       })
-      .catch(() => {
-        if (!cancelled) onLoadStateChange?.("error");
+      .catch((error) => {
+        globalThis.clearTimeout(loadTimeoutId);
+        if (!cancelled) {
+          console.warn("[WorldSplatScene] Failed to load SPZ", error);
+          onLoadStateChange?.("error");
+        }
       });
     return () => {
       cancelled = true;
+      globalThis.clearTimeout(loadTimeoutId);
       if (idleCallbackId !== null && "cancelIdleCallback" in window) {
         window.cancelIdleCallback(idleCallbackId);
       }
@@ -1551,6 +1589,7 @@ function WorldSplatViewer({
         }
         fillFrame={minimalFrame}
         icon={AlertCircle}
+        loading={false}
         previewImageUrl={previewImageUrl}
         title="World 视图加载失败"
       />